第151节
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“邦国不以礼治，无以立其国。理民不师尧舜，无以安其心。”
孟子此语一出，却引起轩然大波。有人欢呼，有人反对。欢呼者自然赞叹孟子的雄辩才华和王道主张。反对者却高喊：“迂腐！尧舜礼治如何治国？”这显然针对的是孟子回答的内容。孟子弟子们立即一片高喊：“义理兼工！夫子高明！”
淳于髡显然不服，对场中锐声高喝：“我还有最后一问！”场中顿时安静下来。
“请问夫子，儒家以礼为本，主张男女授受不亲。然则不知嫂嫂落水，濒临灭顶之灾，弟见之，应援之以手乎？应袖手旁观乎？”
场中轰然大笑。一则是淳于髡的滑稽神态使人捧腹，二则是这个问题的微妙两难。许多人都以为，这个问题一定会使正人君子的孟夫子难堪回避，那就等于儒家自相矛盾而宣告失败了。孟子弟子们顿时一片紧张，觉得这淳于髡未免太得刁钻。
孟子却喟然叹息，“儒家之礼，以不违人伦为本，以维护天理为根。男女授受不亲，人伦常礼也。嫂嫂溺水，非常之时也。非常之时，当以天赋性命为本，权行变通之法，援之以手，救嫂出水。否则，不违人伦而违天理也。”
淳于髡急迫追问：“既然如此，天下水深火热，甚于妇人溺水多也，夫子何不援手以救，而终致碌碌无为乎？”
这显然是在讥讽孟子一生奔波而终无治国之功。士子们一片大喊：“问得妙极！”
孟子却是不恼不忧，坦然回答：“妇人溺水，援之以手。天下溺水，救之以道。儒家奔波列国，传播大道，虽未执一国之政，却也广撒仁政于天下，何谓碌碌无为？若蕞尔之才者，思得一策，用得一计，于天下不过九牛之一毛，与儒家之弘扬大道，何能同日而语？”
“好——！”“彩——”掌声与喝彩声雷鸣般响起，淹没了孟子的声音。
淳于髡拱手高声道：“孟夫子才学气度，自愧弗如！”
会场正中一个年轻的士子霍然站起，“孟夫子方才说到，谋划于庙堂者乃蕞尔之才，传播大道于天下，才是援手救世。敢问孟夫子，天下万物，何者为贵？何者为轻？”
“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。”孟子似乎没有丝毫的犹豫。
全场不禁肃然安静。孟子的论断不缔是振聋发聩之音，使天下学子们大是警悟。且不说自古以来的贵贱等级传统与沉积久远的礼制法则，就凭身后坐着国王，而孟子本人和所有的士子一样都期盼着国王重用这一点，孟子敢于如此坦然自若的讲出这一论断，其胸怀与勇气，都不能不使人肃然起敬。良久，场中再次爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
待到场中重新安静下来，前排的慎到站了起来，“请问夫子，天下动荡，根本却在于何处？”慎到乃法家名士，也是稷下学宫的大宗师之一。他这一问，却是在搜求为政之根，看孟子如何作答，是执法？还是守礼？
孟子朗朗一笑，“天下动荡杀戮，皆为人之本性日渐丧失。人性本善。恻隐之心，人皆有之。羞恶之心，人皆有之。恭敬之心，人皆有之。是非之心，人皆有之。恻隐之心，仁也。羞恶之心，义也。恭敬之心，礼也。是非之心，智也。仁义礼智，非由外烁也，人固有之也。此乃人之本性。人性犹水之就下。人无有不善，水无有不下。激水拦截，可使水行于山，然则非水之本性也。濡染以恶，可使人残虐无道，然则非人之本性也。春秋以来，天下无道，礼崩乐坏，人性堕落，竞相为恶，致使天下以杀戮征战称霸为快事。此为天下动荡之根本……”孟子这一席话显然将天下动荡的根源归于“人性堕落”，必然的结论就是“复归人性，方可治世”，显然回避了法治与礼治的争端，而将问题提升到了一个虽然更为广阔却也脱离务实的层面。饶是如此，还没有说完，场中已经轰然！
“夫子此言，大谬也！”如此公然的指责，对于孟子这样的治学大师实属不敬，场中不禁一片哗然！有人高声愤然指责，“不得对夫子无理！”“论战在理，不在呵斥！”
万章看时，果然不出所料，正是前排最年轻的荀况！万章微微冷笑，霍然起身，“荀况学兄，言之无物，空有严辞，莫非稷下学宫之恶风乎？”
在全场侧目的惊讶议论中，荀况仿佛没有听见万章的责难讥讽，面对孟子激昂高声，就象在慷慨宣战，“人性本恶，何以为善？恶是人之本性，善乃人伦教化。天下之人，生而好利，是以有争夺；生而狠毒，是以有盗贼；生而有耳目欲望，是以有声色犬马。若从人之本性，必然生出争夺，生出暴力，生出杀戮！方今天下，动荡杀戮不绝，正是人性大恶之泛滥，人欲横流之恶果。惟其如此，必须有法制之教、礼仪之教、圣兵之教，以使人性归化，合于法而归于治。无法制，不足以治人之恶；无礼仪，不足以教人向善：无圣兵，不足以制止杀戮。明辩人性之恶，方可依法疏导，犹如大禹治水。孟夫子徒言性善，复归人性，将法制教化之功归于人之本性。此乃蛊惑人心，纵容恶行，蒙蔽幼稚，真正的大谬之言！”
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