第72章 黄白之术
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“先生曾经与我说过，方术士大致分为三种流派。最新地址ltxsba.pw海外求仙、食气谷道、黄白之术三种。”
所谓的海外求仙，自不必说，便是之前的羡门子高等人坐船去寻访三仙山，后世的徐福也是这一派的，在秦代颇受器重，以燕、齐方士为主。
至于食气谷道，则以楚地方士为主，食气指的是吸食气体，谷道则是辟谷，楚国山川俊秀，有颇多飘逸浪漫的传说，正如屈原在《远游》所说的，“餐六气而饮沆瀣兮，漱正阳而含朝霞。保神明之清澄兮，精气入而粗秽除”，继承了楚国老、庄的一些道家哲学，楚国方士们认为不食五谷，吸风饮露，是能令人长生不老的最高境界，一个个饿得形销骨立，倒也符合楚人好小腰的审美。
其三，便是徐平擅长的黄白之术了，讲究以药草矿物炼成丹药，三种方术士里，就以这一派是最需要基本功和手艺。从炼丹实践中，他们认识到物质变化是自然界的普遍规律，于是想把铅铁炼化成黄金，死汞炼化成白银，从而一夜暴富，亦或是把各种东西合成“还丹”，吃下去后达到延年益寿的效果。
当然，明月知道，这种违反自然规律的愿望，是不可能实现的，可这不妨碍他对这种“黄白之术”有浓厚的兴趣。这是方术士里与后世化学最接近的流派，丹房好似一个实验室，许多炼丹器皿已经有化学仪式的用途雏形了。
为了炼制不同的矿物，方术士们还总结出了煅、炙、炼、熔、抽、飞、伏等手法，其中将固体蒸馏成气态再冷凝为液体，就是“抽”。
“我不指望先生以黄白之术为我炼什么不死仙丹，而是希望先生用黄白之术来创造一些实用之物。”
“实用之物？”
徐平挠了挠头，问道：“公子的意思是，黄金、白银？臣技艺低微，这铅铁为金，死汞为银的妙术，还无法次次成功……”
不同单质金属之间怎么转换！是一次都无法成功吧？明月懒得戳穿他，耐下性子说道：“我说的是烧酒等物，汝等之前喝过么？”
这时候卢生抢着答道：“休说喝，小臣简直闻所未闻。”
“在此之前，汝等能想到可以用这种法子造酒么？”
卢生头摇得像是拨浪鼓，拍马屁道：“小臣决计想不到，还是公子聪慧，明者远见于未萌！”
明月笑了笑：“不然，这烧酒，其实是用黄白之术里的抽汞之法制作的，但其中的原理何在，今日在此，我便要与先生探讨探讨。”
一边说着，在明月示意下，旁边就有人抬了一罐早上得到的烧酒，还有另一罐寻常的黄酒，都摆放在案上，揭开盖子，顿时有一股酒味弥漫出来。
明月指着两罐酒道：”粮食遇曲发酵可得到酒粮，过上十天半个月，压榨一番，便能得到黄酒。可若是像早上一样，将酒粮放入蒸桶，以灶火加热，便得到了烧酒。”
“但黄酒淡薄，而烧酒厚烈，敢问先生，这决定它们厚薄的，是何物？”
“就跟掺水的黄酒不如寻常黄酒烈一样，应当是因黄酒里的水比烧酒多……”徐平迟疑着回答。
“不错，吾等暂且将纯酒称之为酒精，黄酒与烧酒，其实都不是纯粹的酒精。都是不同比例的酒精与水混在一起，或三七之分、或六四之分，那问题来了，要如何将酒精与水这两种不同的物质分开？”
想到早上蒸馏酒的过程，徐平眼前一亮：“用抽汞法，以慢火蒸之，不多时，酒精便化而为气，飞升而去也！”
“然也，但先生别忘了一件事，只要烧的时间足够长，水也是可以化为气的。”
在不断提示下，徐平已经能跟上明月的思路了：“这应当是酒精化气，与水化气所需的火候不同。”
观察火候，是工匠和炼丹师们必须掌握的一项技艺，徐平自然不陌生。
“这火候就叫做沸点，也就是液化为气的时刻。假定水化气的沸点为一百，那酒精就是七十，故而温火烧到七八十，这酒粮里的酒精开始化为气，而水却未升腾，故而控制好火候，便能将酒精与水分离！”
“同理，若是冷到一定程度，气也会化为液，酒气遇到装冷水的天锅，瞬息之间便重新变为酒液，自然能流出来，就成了烧酒。故而烧酒里，酒精多而水少，自然就比黄酒更烈了。”
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