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第158章 千里馈粮

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最新网址:m.ltxsdz.com

PS:推荐一本战国的小说,看名字就知道讲什么的,不多介绍了,感觉还不错,感兴趣的可以看看。最新地址ltxsba.fun

……

“孙子曰,千里馈粮,日费千金。故智将务食于敌,食敌一钟,当吾二十钟;忌秆一石,当吾二十石。”

在蔺相如面前,明月为他算了一笔账。

“我请教过精通兵法的马服君之子赵括,他说这里边暗含的意思是,若从国内往千里外的战场运送军粮,二十钟粮食,或二十石牲畜吃的秸秆,运到前线,仅能到达二十分之一……”

这是个骇人听闻的数字,不过事实的确如此,按照后人靠里的数据计算,汉代运粮,从长安雇一辆车去边关,需要花费为1.35万钱,若从关东起运以及转输至西域、居延,则花费更高。这些钱,主要是用于运输过程中的人吃马嚼。倘若把运粮人马的吃食也放在车上,则消费二十石而致一石大体是不夸大的,据说李广利伐大宛之役,动用了十三万头牲畜运粮,致粮率达到了夸张的九十分之一!有驰道和双辕车十分普及的汉代尚且如此,何况春秋战国?

蔺相如身为内史,管的就是赋税钱粮,每天都和这些东西打交道,对此自然不奇怪,颔首道:“孙子所言虽是两百年前的事,但远粮不解近饥,这其中情形,大抵是不差的。”

“然也,这便是兴师十万,却得三十万人运粮的缘故。”

明月还记得,宋朝人沈括曾经详细计算过,一个民夫可以背六斗米,算下来,大概三个民夫可以供养千里之外的一个士兵三十天,这已经是极限了。所以出动十万大军作战,就得有三十万民夫运粮。

这次赵国伐燕,名义上征召了十万人,但其中至少六万只是运粮的民夫,其余四万才是真正上阵打仗的,这也是战国时代动辄发动数十万大军的缘故。在明月想来,长平之战里据说有四十五万赵军,真正参与作战的,恐怕不超过十五万。而秦军以六十万灭楚,参与作战的也不超过二十万,其余都是飞刍挽粟的民夫。

这或许就是战国时代,兵员数量虚高的原因之一吧。

“若用牲畜运粮,一辆大辎车可运二十五石,与人工相比,虽然能驮的多,花费也少,但牲畜食量可比人大多了,又是重役,如果不能及时放牧喂食,牲口就会瘦弱而死,一头牲口死了,只能连它拉的粮食也一同抛弃。所以与人力相比,各有得失……”

军情如火,每天都要日行五十里,可没工夫让牛马悠闲地吃草,只能喂料。按照赵国的规矩,牛马的饲料以干草、秸秆、刍藳为主,称为粗料;以豆类为辅,叫做精料。战马要养膘,**料多,驮马不需要快跑,吃粗料多。但即便是粗料,也是从各郡县民户手里收上来,储存在仓库里的。

明月劝道:“蔺卿试着想想,若是此番成功了,往后赵国依此制,全面推行双辕车,那每年便能省下的刍、藳,何止数万石……内史不是一直在为如何开源节流想办法么,改革车式,就是节流的开始啊!”

这一席话,说得蔺相如心动了。

赵国跟秦国一样,田税的实物体现为禾、刍、藳三种,刍就是干草,藳就是秸秆,按照律法规定,每拥有一百亩地的人家,每年五月要上交三石刍,十月份要上交三石藳,地恶的话可以减免为两石。

秦人对此极为重视,除了明文规定每户要上交的刍、藳外,还严格对牲畜饲料做出了硬性规定,大夫、官大夫爵位以上可以在驿站免费得到牲畜饲料,以下就不行了。各个官府每年都要按时上报他们的公用车马牲畜数量,以领取相应刍、藳,若不及时上报,对不起,明年那些牲畜的饲料,就自己想办法去吧。

秦国之所以将刍、藳的征收发放这等后世以为的“小事”都写入律法,就是因为它们也算战略物质,好钢用到刀刃上,平时要尽量节省,战时让前线的战车战马能吃饱。

赵国的律法虽然也像模像样,但人为执行起来,漏洞就太多了,蔺相如做了内史后,也为此而烦恼,如今听了长安君的描述后,他猛地想道,秦赵在刍、藳上的差距,或可用新车式的推行来弥补……

在秦国,刍一石可以卖十五钱,藳一石可以卖五钱,赵国也差不多是这个价,豆就更贵一些。

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