第1062章:人生有两件事不可避免(Ⅱ)
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“如果以家庭收入而非个人收入作为税基,那么家庭人口越多实际上税负就越轻,单身汉承担的税负则相对更高,这样一来,就可以把鼓励生育与减税政策挂钩,形成一种简单且有效的激励机制。更多小说ltxs520.com”
安东尼一手白兰地一手饼干,翘着二郎腿侃侃而谈。
“我们假设约翰先生和史密斯先生在同一家商行做事,税前月薪都是70金杜加,约翰先生一个人生活,税后工资扣除每月生活必须开销后仍绰绰有余,日子可以过的很潇洒,而史密斯先生已经结婚并且有五个儿女,妻子是专职主妇,儿女年纪尚幼也没有经济收入,史密斯先生的收入要养活一家人,生活水平显然比不上他的单身汉同事约翰先生,由于两个人收入相同,按照现行的个人所得税征收法规,约翰和史密斯要交同样的税额,这对单身汉约翰影响不大,对要养活妻子儿女的史密斯却是雪上加霜,他不得不因此节衣缩食,少喝两瓶酒,少抽几斗烟,如果他和妻子再生育一个孩子,家庭的经济情况将变得更加窘迫,反过来讲,史密斯夫妇完全有理由认为是过多的儿女拖累了他们,如果他们只有一个孩子,现在一家三口日子要好过的多,考虑到儿女对家庭造成的负担,您觉得像史密斯这样的人还有多大动力响应国家鼓励生育的号召继续添丁?约翰看到他的同事史密斯为家庭所累,活得像条狗,他又有多大动力结婚生子?恐怕在他看来保持单身才是最理性的选择,如果人们普遍怀有约翰和史密斯那样的想法,鼓励生育的政策又怎么可能收到成效。”
“你的分析以城市居民为例,对乡村居民未必适用,城市居民生儿育女的确是投资大回报小的亏本生意,而对乡村居民来说更多儿女意味着更多的家庭劳动力,可以开垦更多荒地,获得更多回报。”罗兰提出不同看法。
“姑且认为你说得有理,可是不要忘了‘新继承法’,平均继承权迫使农民将田地平分给所有儿女,同样会打击生儿育女的积极性!”安东尼换了个坐姿,继续分析道:“如果改变现有的征税模式,以家庭人均收入作为税基,那么情况就会大不一样,史密斯先生家庭收入70金杜加,七口人平均下来是10金杜加,根据累进税率原则史密斯一家缴纳的税金比从前大大降低,反观约翰先生,他是个单身汉,家庭人均收入就是他本人的收入,还是按照原来的税率纳税,也就是说家庭人口越多实际上税负就越轻,单身汉则要承担相对更高的税负,我这样解释够清楚了吗?”
“分析的很透彻,按照家庭人均收入征税,实际上就是给多口之家减税,如果我们对累进税率加以调整,还能把对多口之家减税造成的财政损失从那些快乐的单身汉身上找补回来。”罗兰对安东尼的想法做出引申。
“没错,这正是我想说的!”安东尼兴奋地打了个响指,“将个人所得税改成家庭所得税,同时打着为多口之家减税、向富人加税的旗号修改累进税率,您不需要多花一个铜子儿就能达到鼓励生育的目的,而且还能赢得广大低收入、多子女家庭的感激,政权根基也将变得更为稳固!”
“但是也会得罪高收入的富人阶层啊……”罗兰有意唱反调。
“你可得了吧,少在我面前装傻!”安东尼很是不屑,“真正的有钱人谁不想多儿多女多子多孙?哪家豪门巨富不是开枝散叶人口众多?按照家庭人均收入征税,富豪之家非但不会吃亏反而占了大便宜,真正承担压力的是那些小富即安的中产阶级单身汉!”
“如你所说,新税法讨好低层大众,也讨好了豪门望族,唯一吃亏的是中产阶级……”罗兰欲言又止。
“中产阶级就是个屁!”安东尼轻蔑一笑,骨子里那豪门公子哥的轻狂劲儿尽显无遗,“对于一个政府而言,首先最惹不起的就是底层大众,惹急了人家真敢起来造你的反,反正光脚的不怕穿鞋的;上层富豪精英也惹不起,这些人有钱有人脉有势力还有知识,得罪了他们政府很难维持下去;至于那些比上不足比下有余的中产阶级……呵呵,恰恰是最保守最怕社会动荡的一群人,革命的时候前怕狼后怕虎,流血的时候最先退缩,遭到镇压的时候最先叛变,恰恰是最靠不住的一群人,穷人要照顾,富人要维护,吸中产阶级的血、剪中产阶级的羊毛既安全又实惠,当然是政府加税的首选。”
罗兰轻轻一笑,对安东尼这些过于偏激的狂言不做评价,继续围绕税务问题展开探讨。
“你有没有想过一个问题,以家庭为单位征税存在一定风险,有可能给偷税者带来钻政策漏洞的机会,比如单身汉约翰先生在纳税之前随便找个单身女人突击结婚,这样按照两口之家计算税率就可以少交一部分税金,完税过后再离婚……”
安东尼愣了一下,摸着下巴喃喃地说:“这个漏洞,我还真没想到……不过没关系,可以增设一条法规补上这个漏洞,比如规定结婚满一年才被视为税基意义上的‘家庭’,离婚者需补缴本年度按照单身计征的个人所得税差额。”
罗兰点头赞许,接着问他对寇拉斯政府的税务工作还有什么建议。
或许是被罗兰虚心的态度打动,或许是年轻人急于表现自己的本性使然,安东尼也没有什么保留,当着罗兰的面指出远东政权存在两大隐患。
“首先是你们的税基太窄,财政收入支撑不起庞大的建设规划,这一点我刚才已经说过,就不再重复,其次是征税难度太大,成本太高。”
“为什么在远东征税会成为一个难题,我想听听你的高见。”罗兰以诚恳地态度向安东尼请教。
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