第1248章：作坊中的争论（Ⅰ）
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“卡迪亚先生，我是这样看待这个问题的，工业化生产的标志不在于规模大小，而在于是否存在合理的分工，以制作一根简单的扣针来说，在卡隆工业区的工厂里可以将扣针的制作流程分解成十八道工序，有人专司掐铁丝，将铁丝打磨尖锐的工序也需要专人负责，十八个工人各自负责一道工序，其中包括一个工人将上述工序处理过的零件组合成一枚完整的扣针，这就是典型的工厂式生产模式。”罗兰微微一笑，“卡迪亚先生，我们再来看你们是如何生产钟表的，每位师傅带两个年轻的学徒，从头到尾自行加工钟表的每一个零件，最后还要自己动手组装起来，这种一手包办的生产模式显然不符合合理分工的原则，占地规模再大，雇佣的人手再多，也只能算是一个大号的作坊，不能称其为真正的钟表加工厂。”
卡迪亚听了他这番话，先是发了一会儿愣，随即露出不以为然的表情。
“王子殿下，我不认为把一项工作肢解成许多工序有什么好处，尤其是扣针那样简单的小东西，完全可以一个人搞定全部工序。”
“卡迪亚先生，如果让你这样的能工巧匠来生产扣针，每天工作十个小时，你能生产出多少枚？”罗兰问。
卡迪亚思索了一下，“每小时做出三四十枚扣针不成问题，工作一整天的话，大概能做出四百枚。”
“像您这样的巧匠每天最多也只能生产出400枚扣针，那么您知道在卡隆工业区的扣针加工厂，十八道工序各司其职的情况下，每个技术普通的工人平均每天能生产多少扣针吗？”罗兰含笑问道。
“这个嘛……”卡迪亚老头挠了挠鸡窝似的乱发，“总不可能比我的产量更高。”
罗兰轻轻摇头，神色肃然：“事实上比您高得多，一家十八个工人的扣针工厂，在充分分工的情况下，每天可以生产22磅扣针，按照每一磅重的针有4000枚来计算，这家工厂每天总共可以生产88000枚扣针，即每人每天至少可以制造出4800枚扣针，比您这位巧匠的生产效率足足高出12倍，这就是分工的巨大作用，这就是工业化大生产与传统作坊式生产的巨大差别。”
卡迪亚听得目瞪口呆，四周围观的钟表匠和学徒们也都哗声大作，满脸不敢置信。
“分工之后生产效率真有这么明显的提高？”卡迪亚喃喃自语，半信半疑，“一个普通的工人一天的产量居然比我高十多倍……这怎么可能呢？！”
“卡迪亚先生，还有在场的诸位先生，你们要是不信，欢迎随时来卡隆工业区参观，我相信那将为诸位打开通往新世界的大门。”罗兰挺胸负手置身于人群中央，唇角挂着自信的微笑。
“罗兰殿下，如果工业化生产模式真像您说的那么高效，我们的钟表行业能不能效仿这种模式？”一个年轻的学徒兴冲冲地问。
“技术上可能存在一些难题，但是理论上完全可以、也必然要朝着那个方向转变！”罗兰斩钉截铁地说，“制作钟表是一项复杂且伟大的工艺，但是并没有什么神秘之处，只要我们能够用机器加工出钟表的所有零件，这项工艺就可以实现工业化生产，我相信就在不远的将来，人们家中摆放的时钟，随身佩戴的怀表，大部分是由工厂流水线上——而非手工作坊里——制造出来的产品，随着生产效率的提升，生产成本的下降，钟表的价格也会变得更为亲民，家家户户都用得起，变成桌椅瓢盆那样的日常用品。”
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