第1418章：丰收的季节（Ⅵ）
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安东尼翻看账本的时候，罗兰在旁边向他介绍自己在推行农业改革期间观察到的那些不同寻常的经济现象。最新地址ltxsba.fun
“纵观远东两百个农业改革试点，存在这样一种普遍现象：绝大多数社员属于带田入社，持有农场股权；同时自己也下田劳作，每一粒粮食都凝聚了他们的汗水与劳动，他们既是农场的股东也是被农场雇佣的工人。”
如果要简明描述这种复杂的双重身份，罗兰只能想到一个词——小资产阶级。
“正因为社员同时具有投资者与雇工的双重身份，其由农业生产活动中获得的报酬也应该分成两类。”
“其一是公社管委会按照每个人的劳动工时和耕作效率发放的‘工资’，通常按月支付，与城里那些按月领取薪酬的工人相似，工资收入主要用于维持家庭的日常开销。”
“其二是到了收获的季节，公社在抵扣应偿付的贷款、农业税、公积金、公益金等公共支出之后，剩下的粮食就是农场的净利润，将按照社员持有的股权比例进行分红。”
这两种收入的性质不尽相同，前者是农业工人的劳动所得，政府给予免税补贴，后者则属于投资所得，需额外缴纳一笔红利税。
罗兰同时也注意到，在农场中还存在一种较为少见、但是不容忽视的现象：
“少数开明地主也以行动支持政府提出的农业改革方案，主动将自己乃至家族占有的大片良田交给当地公社经营，这样一来大地主在农场中占据的股份就比普通社员高得多，他们大多居住在城里，平时难得下乡看看自己的田地，更不可能亲自下田耕作。”
内阁农业大臣约德尔·斯托雷平就是这类开明地主的典范，当然他也不可能亲自下田做农活。这些大股东在农业生产活动中扮演的角色就是一个单纯的投资者，或者称其为“农业投资家”更恰当。
“到了收获的季节，农业投资家分享的粮食数以千百吨计，他们通常会直接把大部分乃至全部粮食卖给国家换取现金，交纳红利税之后仍可获得丰厚的农业投资回报。”
“至于那些没有大地主参股的公社，比如红石桥农场，各家耕地面积差距不大，持有的农场股份也差不多，交完公粮还能剩余的粮食说多不多说少不少，留着自家吃肯定是吃不完的，但是要卖的时候又有点舍不得，一是穷日子过惯了，怕来年歉收挨饿，多存点粮食更安全，再一个……国家规定的粮食统购价格着实偏低，只相当于城里商品粮统销价格的一半甚至更低，农民难免有种吃亏的感觉，所以不太情愿卖粮。”罗兰以客观冷静的口吻描述农民抗拒卖粮的心态。
“如果农民不愿意卖粮，只靠无偿征收的粮食恐怕还不足以喂饱市民阶层，更不要妄想出口粮食增加财政收入，你打算怎么解决这个难题？”安东尼意识到问题的严重性，脸上没了笑容。
罗兰笑而不答，将厚厚的账本还给驻村牧师，转身向粮仓对面的村公所走去。
安东尼抓抓头，带着满脑子困惑跟了上去。
红石桥公社保留了原本自然村时代的建筑布局，村公所门前是一座用石板铺就的小广场。广场四周种着一圈颇有些年头的大树，树荫为村民提供了饭后乘凉的好所在，广场本身则是乡村社交生活的重要舞台，具有多重公共服务功能。
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