第1002章 门道
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听到这话,别人就算了,蔡先生也不自觉点头。也难怪有人会说,历史总是在不断重演,这是一个难以破解的怪圈。所谓增添雅兴,那是比较委婉的说法,实际上却是为了斗富炫耀。可是碍于蔡先生在前,王观不好说得太直白罢了。
“雅玩之风形成,就需要大量书画作品供应。而前代书画存世又极少,因此作伪之风就变得加历害。”
说话之间,王观也有几分感叹:“当时经济最发达的却是江南地区,所以才催生了吴门画派,但是吴门画派的画家极少,就算每天画画,却也满足不了庞大市场的需求。有需求自然有市场,这样的情况下,赝品伪作自然应运而生。”
“据记载,嘉靖年以前,江浙地区仅仿造赵孟頫书画的大小作坊就多达四百余家。但是疯狂的却是那些买家,永乐之剔红,宣德之铜,成化之窑,以至沈周)、唐寅)之画;文徵明)、祝允明)之书,进参苏、米,诸大估曰千、曰百,动辄倾囊相酬,真赝不可复辨。”
此时,王观忍不住叹息:“说起来,古人比我们狂热多了,明知道假多真少,却不惜人力物力,重金搜罗求购,甚至有人搜罗二十载,耗费万金。像这样痴迷的收藏商贾不胜枚举,这恰好给制造伪书画的人提供了骗人牟利的绝好机会。”
“至于所谓的扬州刀,其实是一个名词。却是因为怕有因果报应,一些人即使作伪,也会故意在画上或题跋中留些破绽,以便后人有迹可循,可以鉴定出来。不过,要是买家鉴定不出的话,责任就不在于他了。”
王观摇了摇头:“尽管这样有虚情假意的嫌疑,但是好歹也是做人留一线。不像现在的造假人,十分追求逼真相似,最害怕露出什么破绽。”
“没错,就是这样。”
这个时候,卢先生深以为然,也意识王观两把刷子比自己想象中的大得多,当然不可能再继续动于衷。倒不是害怕风头被抢,而是担心失去这个机会,一个让蔡先生正眼相看的机会。
想到这里,卢先生也开口说道:“在明代中期,作伪不仅是社会风气,是一种独特的现象了。由于利润丰厚,致使一些名书画家或画工,以伪造假书画卖钱糊口,连有些出名的文人书画家也向此中讨生活。”
这种事情很正常,不仅是明代而已,就是清末民国时期,大名鼎鼎的张大千,早年还未成名之际,也是靠仿石涛的画养家糊口。到了后来,名气大了,自己的画也能卖钱,这才终止了这样的行为。
毕竟,每个时期的画家很多,除个别少数成为著名画家之外,大部分人被画坛冷落,成为所谓的冷名头、小名头,甚至成为在美术史上查找不到名字的名画家。
这些人也要吃饭的,自己的画卖不动,又忍受不住贫寒的生活,在改行不成的情况下,自然走上了先辈临摹仿古的老路。
“有名的画家出手不凡,已经达到以假乱真的地步,确实不好分辨出来。但是归纳起来不外乎摹、临、仿、造及对真迹改头换面等手段。”
与此同时,卢先生继续评点:“较普遍的一种手法是把原画改款、添款,也就是通常所说的改头换面。同时为了追求利益最大化,作伪者可谓计不施,甚至想出了以割裂分装的方式造假。将一幅画分割成数幅分别装裱,分头出售,以牟取利润。”
“绝的,自然是苏州片,利用揭画的绝活,把一幅画揭了好几层,再重裱上出手。”
说起这些秘辛的时候,卢先生的语气颇为复杂,有些叹服,又有些深痛恶绝:“至于这幅秋松高隐图,却是属于比较简单的临摹之作。就是对着原画,一笔一笔勾勒描绘而成。”
“所以只要细看,就可以轻易发现,图画的线条有顿笔的情况,而且线条与线条之间,明显有修饰的痕迹,这是一般的临摹手法,也说明临摹的人功力不行。”
此时,卢先生轻轻摇头,随即示意道:“不过,款识却是真的,应该是被人从真迹之中挖割出来,再填补在这画之中。常人通过笔款来鉴定,肯定很容易上当,以为作品是真迹。”
“嗯。”
王观赞同道:“从真迹挖款,说明真迹或许已经被切分成几块了,然后重补描,形成几幅作品,能够赚上几倍的钱,利润十分丰厚。然而也是这样的原因,却使得许多名家作品就这样毁坏了,消逝在历史长河之中。”
“对,这些人,都是杀画刽子手。”卢先生痛斥道,有几分咬牙切齿的感觉。
所谓干一行,爱一行,一个优秀的鉴定师,首先就要喜爱自己鉴定的东西。不然的话,也不可能投入百分之百的热情,那么其中的专业素养肯定不高,也难以成为最顶尖的鉴定师。毕竟有了兴趣,学东西肯定很,要是不感兴趣,肯定什么也学不了,成就自然有限。
毫疑问,卢先生是个高明的鉴定师,那么对于字画肯定是满腔热忱,自然对于毁坏字画的人十分憎恨。关于这一点,王观感觉自己与卢先生很有共同语言,同仇敌忾……
“啪啪啪!”
就在这时,蔡先生轻轻鼓掌,一脸赞许笑容道:“听君一席话,胜读十年书啊。今天算是长见识了,没有想到书画之中,还有这么多门道!”未完待续。)
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