第六二七章 考古界的规定
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甚至夏王朝和大禹存不存在都不知道,在学术界有这样一句话,“大禹是条虫”,这句话一方面是说“禹”这字中有一个“虫”字,另外一方面就是说这个人不存在。
史料稀少排名第二的自然就是春秋战国和秦朝,也是距离太远了,而排名第三位的不是秦朝之后的汉朝,而是三国。
而在这三段历史中,最难研究的反而是三国时期,现在学术界专门研究三国的专家非常少,堪比大熊猫。
因为三国时期的时间太短了,关于夏商周这三个朝代,基本上历史学者不会去研究的,反而是社会学家和人类学家感兴趣;关于春秋战国,思想史也很丰富啊,诸子百家的思想,没有太多材料,也能研究,唯独这个三国是最难研究的。
对于这种情况,想要突破的话,有两种办法。
一种就是陈堪的方法,使用新方法,在旧材料的基础上研究出新东西来,但是这个是很难的,创新是非常困难的,不然陈堪也不可能凭借这个拿下研究生论文百佳。
第二种办法,那就比较看运气了,就是要看考古发现,要是有考古发现这个时代的一些新材料,那么立足于这些新材料的基础上,就有可能出现新的研究成果。
但是这个真的是看运气。
或许你会说,那些墓就在那里,直接去挖开不就好了,资料就能出土了,怎么会靠运气呢?
这又涉及到中国考古界的一个规定,中国考古界有“百年之内,不能主动去挖掘古代墓葬”的规定,现在我们所看到的那些考古挖掘,基本上都是“抢救性挖掘”。
所谓的“抢救性挖掘”,是为了保护这个墓葬,而进行的挖掘,比如这个墓被盗了,在这种情况下,就必须要挖掘,不然破坏会更加严重,再比如当年修建三峡水坝修建的时候,因为三峡水坝会淹没大片区域,就对这些区域的墓葬进行保护性的挖掘。
至于为什么会有这个规定,其实这也是经过了血淋淋的教训后订下来的,在建国之初,并没有有这个规定,当时考古界集中人力物力挖掘了明十三陵中万历皇帝的墓。
为什么选择万历皇帝呢?
这自然有原因的,因为万历皇帝最著名的一点就是他二十三年不上朝,关于这个的原因推论有很多,当时历史学家就猜测,万历皇帝很有可能吸毒,所以就想要“开棺验尸”,结果证明了万历皇帝确实是吸毒了。
这不是关键,关键是因为当时的技术不足,导致很多陪葬品没有能力第一时间保护好,在接触到空气的时候产生了巨大的破坏,大量的文献、图画、器物在接触到空气的一瞬间就氧化了。
这造成了巨大的损失,于是考古界就订下一条“百年不得挖掘”的规矩,所以说能不能挖掘出新的材料,这个完全就是靠运气。
好在董冰的运气很不错,去年在长江流域挖掘了一个三国时期的墓地,里面有大量的竹简,里面有关于袁绍的一部分材料,这给董冰的研究提供了新的材料和可能。
“到时候还希望师姐指点一下!”
“有你师兄在,这个他可比我在行。”翁秀频笑道。
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