第七十六章 【切腹狂魔】(上)
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周文举站在胡小天身边,虽然看不清胡小天的面容。但是他从胡小天的身上却真切感受到了一种全然不同的气质,胡小天握着那细窄的柳叶刀,让周文举感觉到有种执掌生死舍我其谁的霸道气势,这样的感觉他有生以来只有在少数医者的身上才感受过。而他们却无一不是杏林中泰斗级的人物,周文举实在是想不通,一个年仅十六岁的少年怎么会拥有这种宗师级的气势。
剖腹探查,腹部损伤的剖腹探查一般多采用腹部正中切口,便于需要时向上下延伸,或向两侧横行扩大。切口长约八到十公分,三分之一位于脐上,三分之二位于脐下。虽然慕容飞烟之前在这采/花贼的肚子上刺了一剑,但是伤口细窄,胡小天选择重新做切口。
胡小天一边熟练地划开皮肤肌肉,分离组织,一边向周文举介绍道:“腹部外伤的常规探察原则是,如果腹腔内有大量出血,应该首先找出出血的来源,控制住出血,然后再从出血的脏器开始逐步探察其他的脏器$果腹腔内没有出血,有胃肠道的内容和气体溢出,则先探察胃肠道,然后在探察各实质性的脏器。一般的顺序是,先探察胃、十二指肠、胆道、胰腺、空肠、回肠、结肠、直肠、膀胱等等,后检查肝脏和脾脏,最后再探察盆腔脏器和腹膜后脏器。”
这些医学术语有些周文举听说过,有些根本从未听过,五脏六腑他知道,至于小肠和结肠的细分,那都是现代医学的事情,他又如何晓得?至于人体腹腔内部的这些器官,他也仅仅见过几次,从来没有亲自解剖过,所以对这些内部脏器也无从谈到熟悉。
胡小天也不可能在短时间内将所有的解剖知识全都灌输给周文举,只是想到什么说起什么,虽然如此,已经将周文举的医学观完全改变,让他见识到了一个全新的领域。
胡小天切到腹膜外的时候,留意观察,伤者的腹膜呈现出深蓝色,这一现象证明患者有腹腔出血,切开腹膜的时候有气体逸出,证明伤者应该有空腔脏器穿孔存在。切开腹部肌层,让周文举帮忙拉钩分离腹直肌,尽可能地扩大手术视野。
望着这肚子里血糊糊的一大片周文举感觉头皮发麻,胡小天见怪不怪,没事人一样笑了笑道:“一肚子坏水。”
在初步的观察和判断之后,胡小天开始清除腹腔内血液及渗液,因为缺少吸引器,来到青云不久,他就特地找工匠制作了一个类似于针管形状的铁器,更像是儿童玩耍的抽水枪,这种简陋的吸引器可以抽吸腹内的血液、胃肠液和渗出液。
抽吸的过程中,胡小天发现了出血点,他让周文举用手压迫住出血点,然后取出止血钳,利用止血钳将出血点夹住,迅速进行血管结扎缝合。初步清除腹腔内积液或积血后,胡小天开始探查腹腔内病变。探查原则本着先探查正常区域,最后探查病区。探查的手法保持轻柔细致。
在先后排除了肝脏、食管裂孔、脾区、胃、胰腺的病变之后,重点放在小肠的部位,将横结肠及其系膜拉向上方,确认十二指肠悬韧带后,提出十二指肠空肠曲,从空肠起始部依次检查。在检查小肠的同时,检查相应的肠系膜有无血液循环障碍等情况检查过后及时将检查过的肠段送回腹腔。
空肠链接十二指肠,占小肠全场的五分之二,位于腹腔的左上部,患者的问题就是出现在这里。慕容飞烟的一剑刺穿了他腹部的同时,也刺穿了空肠的部分肠段。
确定患处所在,明确诊断之后,胡小天决定进行部分肠管切除,并进行肠管吻合术。
他先确定肠管需要切除的范围,小心将其提出切口外〃常的手术原则是在离病变部位的近、远两端各三到五公分处切断。
胡小天小心将受伤的肠管提至切口外,在肠管与腹壁间用温盐水大纱布垫隔开;纱布垫之下再垫两块干消毒纱布,使与切口全部隔开,这样可以最大限度地减少小肠的损伤,并可防止肠内容物污染腹腔。
看着胡小天将伤者腹部的脏器肠管来回提拉,周文举不由得冒出了一身的冷汗,幸亏他对此已经有了心理准备,换成普通人过来,只怕会将胡小天视为一个开肠破肚的恶魔,吓都要吓昏过去了。
切除肠管首要的关键步骤之一是处理肠系膜血管,在供应切除段的肠系膜主要血管两侧各分开一个间隙,充分显露血管∶两把弯止血钳钳夹,在钳间剪断此血管,剪断时靠近远侧端,用丝线先结扎远心端,再结扎近心端。在进行第一次结扎后,不要松掉近心端止血钳,另在结扎线的远侧,用丝线加作8字形缝扎☆后才扇形切断肠系膜。
在切断肠管之前,必须先将两端紧贴保留段肠管的肠系镊自分离半公分。再检查一下保留肠管的血运情况∶直止血钳夹住拟切除段的肠管两端,尖端朝向肠系膜,与肠管纵轴倾斜约三十度夹角,这样做的目的是增大吻合口,并保证吻合口血运。再用肠钳在距切缘三到五公分处夹住肠管,不应夹得太紧,以刚好能阻滞肠内容物外流为宜。紧贴两端的直止血钳切除肠管。
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