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0382 朝鲜大桥

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十九世纪中叶,在大清国广阔的土地上爆的太平天国革命战争,持续十四年,遍及十八省,是我国历史上规模最大,影响深远的一次农民战争。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com

但这样一充轰烈烈的农民运动未能推翻封建制度而以失败告终,究其根本原因:过去不少中学历史教师都认为是“中外反动势力联合起来,力量过于强大”。

这种分析只看到了事物的表面,而没有看到了事物的实质。

太平天国失败的根本原因在于农民阶级自身的历史局限性和阶级局限性。

农民起义要推翻封建剥削制度,取得解放,必须有先进阶级及其政党的领导,而太平天国时期并没有出现先进阶级及其政党,有的只是农民阶级,而农民阶级本身并不代表先进生产力,提不出正确的纲领。

就以太平天国纲领性文献田亩制度而言,田亩制度的进步性在于平分土地的措施上,它强烈地反映了农民渴望土地和摆脱封建剥削的要求,但单凭平分土地的措施,并不能废除封建剥削制度,也无法达到“无处不均匀,无人不饱暖”的理想社会。

因为平分土地不仅不能改变些经济的社会结构,反而会助长私有制的展,贫富两极分化就会重复出现。

正如马克思所说:“平均分配办法是不会有任何结果的。”

萌少爷也是这么认为,萌少爷觉得,只有土地全部国有,大家都在自己的土地上做文章,在一定范围内的买卖土地,走工业化的道路,带动农业工业化,才是正道。

制度没有好坏之分,只有更适合眼下资源,需要管理的资源,谁更适合,哪种制度就更好。

萌少爷要立国,绕不开体制,公司化的体制显然不能健全一个独立的政府机构,萌少爷更倾向于自己的一套特色体制。

田亩制度中实行财产公有,也完全违背了农民的意愿。

萌少爷觉得,应该是土地国有,而保护财产私有,很简单的道理,没有私有的财物,谁还卖命去打仗?只有保护自己的东西,才是最肯卖命的。

太平天国初期有的占领地曾出告示:“天下农民谷米,商贾资本,皆天父所有,全应解归圣库,大口岁给一石,汹五斗,以为口食而已。”

可结果呢?

此示一出,被惑乡民方如梦觉,然此令已无人理,究不能行,遂下科派之令。

由于财产公有行不通,而军储却一日不可缺,无奈只得回到允许地主继续收租的旧秩序中来。

原因何在呢?

田亩制度中一面企图把社会经济改造成齐一化的清一色的些经济,另一面又企图在些经济上面强加一个原始的、落后的类似农村公社的组织,这就必然会产生原有的私有制和人为的公有化的矛盾。

再说把农民多余的产品实行公有化,农民中谁劳动量,谁收获多,谁就会被公有化得多。

这就会出现“多劳少得,少劳多得”的不合理现象,农民“嗟怨”之声就在所难免了。

在当时生产力展水平低下的情况下,“无处不均匀”的社会只能是一个遥远的憧憬。

史实说明,财产公有措施在当时是违反经济展规律的,是出了历史所允许的范围的。这启示我们:对私有制的攻击,对公有制的要求,并不是在任何条件下都是革命的、正确的。然而太平天国的领导们就未能意识到这一点,他们不顾客观不尊重经济规律,片面地求“大”求“公”,最终理想化作泡影,这充分说明了封建社会农民阶级的狭隘性、盲目性。

农民阶级的劣根性、使太平天国的领导人滋生了自由散漫、腐化堕落、狭隘自私的心理行为。

思想的蜕变使太平天国政权后期封建化尤为严重。

定都天京后,无论是职官制度、等级制度、还是在礼议方面,大抵都沿袭封建政权模式,他们无法摆脱封建主义的影响和束缚,把革命中夺却的权力很快演变成自己的封建特权。

如据“天条”规定,一切官兵百姓均不得嫁娶婚配,但天王和各王,却可以“广置姬妾”、“妃嫔在武昌选出四十人,至江陵选百把人,6续增添,大约不满二百人。”

洪秀权还在天京修建天王府,“城围十余里,墙高数丈,内外两重,外曰:太阳城,内曰:金龙城,殿曰:金龙殿,苑曰:后林苑,雕琢精巧,金碧辉煌。”洪秀权把自己关在“林苑芳菲,兰桂迭妍”的宫墙内,过着“金玉堂中快乐多”的生活,无聊之余,只能写些自我歌颂和训戒后妃的顺口溜:“万方万郭万来朝,万山万水万飘摇,万里万眼万钻至,万知万福万功劳。”

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