0525 日本幕末
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
当然，总的政治目标一致未必就斗争形式相同，加之由于町人阶级长期被排除在政治权廉外而造成的参政意识淡漠，使得町人反抗幕府统治的斗争大多是围绕自己切身利益展开的。
贫穷的下层町人主要通过“打毁”、“改世”等所谓的“都市一揆”形式，反抗、打击、动一府的统治。
富裕的上层町人则主要通过经济力量和手段反抗、瓦解、动一府统治和“以经济支援者的身份”协助、支援“革命军”倒幕。
幕末町人阶级反抗幕府统治的斗争，在“天保改革”时就掀起了髙潮。
天保十三年春町人写的阿房艰难经中尖锐批判幕府的政治，各色贿赂，权门流行，诸家献金，多多益善
而町人与他町买卖，不得融通，困难重重，致使店铺昨设今撤，到处搬迁难得定所，家妇不知如何是好。
表现了町人对幕府统治者行为及其恶政的愤慨和批判。
然而对幕府统治直接造成有力打击的，应该说是以下层町人和城市贫民为主体发动的一次又一次的“都市一揆”。
从整个江户时代看，以下层町人和城市贫民为主体发动的“都市一揆”，比以农民为主体发动的“百姓一揆”要少得多。
据青木虹二和原田伴彦的统计，也有420余次。
江户时代中期后的“都市一揆”，可说以享保十八年年江户发生的“米騒动”打毁运动为肇始，到18世纪后半叶以后不断增多，尤其是天保年间至幕末，更加频发和激烈。
“都市一揆”爆发的直接契机，多为发生饥荒、米价飞涨，以及反对幕府或诸藩横征暴敛“御用金”之类强化苛捐杂税等政策。
其表现形式，既有如大盐平八郎领导的大阪市民暴动，也有诸如幕末福知山城下町发生的“一揆”那样，要求藩主撤消“产物会所制”等财政规定，允许米谷买卖自由、降低税收等内容的起义。
但是，大多数的“都市一揆”，往往是町民要求当政者降低米价、救济贫民、减轻课税等出于经济目的的自发性暴动，其“打毁”的对象也多是囤积大米的米店和经营“两替屋”等的大富商，而直接“打毁”幕藩统治机构的斗争却极少。
然而这不能说其矛头所向只是富裕商人，而不是幕藩统治权力。
因为第一是诸如要求降低课税、谴责“代官町役人”的行为，批判和要求幕藩统治者修正“专卖制”和乱发藩札等施政政策，本身就具有反抗和批判幕藩统治的政治性质，第二是因为驱动町民打毁行动的根本精神动力，是要求改变世道的“改世意识”。尤其是后者的“改世意识”，才真正代表了幕末町人的阶级立惩政治倾向。
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