【1065 华国的对手上】
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换约时力争加一保护华工的照会。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com?
容闳在给华国政府的秘鲁华工调查报告中,曾提出“中国若准令招工,须派公使驻扎利马京城,妥议保护华工章程,遇有不遵条约之处,随时与之理论,李鸿章对此建议深以为然。
秘鲁派前副使、新任秘使爱勒谟尔到津换约,李鸿章就表示“前订条约本应互换,惟华工虐待情形较之黑奴尤甚……情形实可惨悯,与葛尔西耶及贵使前言颇多不符。兹贵使既来换约,上年所立查办华工专条尚有不足,拟先与妥议办法或加订条款或添用照会,再将前次议定和约一并互换。”
因为“今若不于照会内扎切议明,即含混与之换约,则是从前既往之华工不能使生,随后复往之华工又将就死,而十数万日在水火喁喁待援之人更无来苏之望矣。”
李鸿章之所以在换约时敢于强硬要求先立华工保护照会,除了容闳提供的确证外,还因为他清醒地认识到华工对秘鲁的重要性,他认为“该国地旷人稀,非招工无以扩其生计,我诚能于沿海闽粤各省严立禁约,不准一人一口私往秘鲁,则彼已无再来之工任其指挥,自必于已往之工稍加珍惜,且彼无工可招,生计日蹙,一二年内势必仍俯守求我,其时再与添立保护章程,谅彼不致倔强犹昔也。”
面对李鸿章强硬态度,葛使表示“奉命来此专换已定之约,不能另议他款……”并“坚求早为请旨派定换约大臣”。
李鸿章对换约大臣的选择也极为审慎,丁日昌成为他的选,因为他认为“该前抚熟悉洋务,操纵悉合机宜,此次秘鲁换约,虽属照例之事,惟访闻华工在彼人数颇多,受苦情形几与古巴相等,臣拟于前定查办专条互换时,再由换约大臣给与照会,令将以前虐待华人各情弊,严为禁革,庶委员前往查办,较有依据。丁日昌素为洋人所敬服,若蒙特派该抚臣就近互换商办,似更得力。”
丁日昌在谈判一开始就“告以秘鲁华工现仍十分受虐,必须于换约时加给照会,声明此后当除去从前一切苛待弊端,俟覆文答应照办方能换约”。而秘使却表示“现奉国主之命专办换约一事,未经换约之前,毫无事权,不惟不能备文答应,而且不能议论此事。”且其所带的条约专条仅有英文、日文而无汉文样本,丁日昌严正地表示“条约为凭,若漏带此件,即彼此不能互换条约”,经英使威妥玛、汉文正使梅辉立及其它各国领事密妥士、毕德格等出面劝解,丁日昌与李鸿章熟商后决定做有条件退让,最后“将各用御宝条约专条先行互换,其余洋文条约专条暂存天津海关道署,候秘国将汉文条约专条送到,即由津海关道与该使补换”。
而秘鲁也最终在照会中规定“将以前苛待华工弊端尽行革除,遵照专条及和约办理,严令将华工身家资财皆得保护以昭信守,本国亦当或派钦差或派委员前往确查,凡遇有可以为华工保护除弊之处随时商同贵国全力襄助,妥立章程以归尽善。
华国政府和李鸿章,又赢得一定的胜利。
采取措施切实保护中秘之间虽然经过立约与换约,李鸿章对此深为关切。
萌总裁批复:厉禁招工,断其源流。
有了李鸿章主持外交之后,华国的所有政府职能部门的框架全部鼎定。
这也让萌总裁松了口气,接下来就是展海军,准备前往朝鲜的事宜了。
再以射炮为例,其装甲舰上已装备了824门,比其他所有各国海军舰船上装备的射炮总和还要多出几倍。
到1914年大战爆时,英国共有大小军舰668艘,海军人员2o1ooo人。
航和射,都是海军力量的象征,科技的象征,别说是还没有起步的华国,没有一个国家可以和英国海军拼技术。
19世纪末英国的6军仍维持原有的格局。其本土驻军分为6军常备军和用于内卫的国民军。其常备6军包括步兵、骑兵、炮兵和工兵等兵种,其编制有军团、师、旅、团、营、连等。
187o年英国的6军常备军总额为3o.2万人。
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