１４ 囚车里的人才
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周平王东迁洛邑以后的东周，又分“春秋”和“战国”两个时期。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com春秋时期，周王室衰落，周天子名义上是各国共同的君主，实际上他的地位只相当一个中等国的诸侯。一些比较强大的诸侯国家用武力兼并小国，大国之间也互相争夺土地，经常打仗。战胜的大国诸侯，可以号令其他诸侯。这种人称做霸主。
春秋时期第一个称霸的是齐国（都城临淄，在今山东淄博）。齐国是周武王的大功臣太公望的封国，本来是个大国，再加上它利用沿海的资源，生产比较发达，国力就比较强。公元前686年，齐国发生了一次内乱。国君齐襄公被杀。襄公有两个兄弟，一个叫公子纠，当时在鲁国（都城在今山东曲阜）；一个叫公子小白，当时在莒（音ju）国（都城在今树东莒县）。两个人身边都有个师傅，公子纠的师傅叫管仲，公子小白的师傅叫鲍叔牙。两个公子听到齐襄公被杀的消息，都急着要回齐国争夺君位。
鲁国国君鲁庄公决定亲自护送公子纠回齐国。管仲对鲁庄公说：“公子小白在莒国，离齐国很近。万一让他先进齐国，事情就麻烦了。让我先带一支人马去截住他。”
不出管仲所料，公子小白正在莒国的护送下赶回齐国，路上，遇到管仲的拦截。管仲拈弓搭箭，对准小白射去。只见小白大叫一声，倒在车里。
管仲以为小白已经死了，就不慌不忙护送公子纠回到齐国去。哪里知道，他射中的不过是公子小白衣带的钩子，公子小白大叫倒下，原来是他的计策。等到公子纠和管仲进入齐国国境，小白和鲍叔牙早已抄小道抢先到了国都临淄，小白当上了齐国国君，这就是齐桓公。
齐桓公即位以后，立即发兵打败鲁国，并且通知鲁庄公一定要鲁国杀了公子纠，把管仲送回齐国办罪。鲁庄公没有办法，只好照办。
管仲被关在囚车里送到齐国。鲍叔牙立即向齐桓公推荐管仲。
齐桓公气愤地说：“管仲拿箭射我，要我的命，我还能用他吗？”
鲍叔牙说：“那回他是公子纠的师傅，他用箭射您，正是他对公子纠的忠心。论本领，他比我强得多。主公如果要干一番大事业，管仲可是个用得着的人。”
齐桓公也是个豁达大度的人，听了鲍叔牙的话，不但不办管仲的罪，还立刻任命他为相，让他管理国政。
管仲帮着齐桓公整顿内政，开发富源，大开铁矿，多制农具，提高耕种技术，又大规模拿海水煮盐，鼓励老百姓入海捕鱼。离海比较远的诸侯国不得不依靠齐国供应食盐和海产。别的东西可以不买，盐是非吃不可的。齐国就越来越富强了。
齐桓公一心想当诸侯的霸主，做了霸主就能够发号施令，别的诸侯就得向他进贡，听他的指挥。他对管仲说：“现在咱们兵精粮足，是不是可以会合诸侯，共同订立个盟约呢？”
管仲说：“咱们凭什么去会合诸侯呢？大家都是周天子下面的诸侯，谁能服谁呢？天子虽说失了势，毕竟是天子，比谁都大。如果主公能够奉天子的命令，会合诸侯，订立盟约，共同尊重天子，抵抗别的部落，往后谁有难处，大伙儿帮他，谁不讲理，大伙儿管他。到了那时候，主公就是自己不要做霸主，别人也得推举您。”
齐桓公说：“你说得对，可是怎么着手呢？”
管仲说：“办法倒有一个。这回新天子（指周-王，-音xi）才即位。主公可以派个使者向天子朝贺，顺便帮他出个主意，说宋国（都城在今商丘南）现在正发生内乱，新国君位子不稳，国内很不安定。请天子下命令，明确宣布宋国国君的地位。主公拿到天子的命令，就可以用天子的命令来召集诸侯了。这样做，谁也不能反对。”
齐桓公听了，连连点头，决定照着管仲的意见办。
这时候，周朝的天子早已没有实权了。列国诸侯只知道抢夺地盘，兼并土地，已经全忘记还有朝见天子这回事。周-王刚刚即位，居然有齐国这样一个大国打发使臣来朝贺，打心眼里喜欢。他就请齐桓公去宣布宋君的君位。
公元前681年，齐桓公奉了周-王的命令，通知各国诸侯到齐国西南边境上北杏（今山东东阿县北）开会。
这时候，齐桓公的威望还不高。发出通知以后，一共只来了宋、陈、蔡、邾四个国家。还有几个诸侯国，像鲁、卫、曹、郑（都城在今河南新郑）等国，想瞧瞧风头再说，没有来。
在北杏会议上，大家公推齐桓公当盟主，订立了盟约。盟约上主要的是三条：一是尊重天子，扶助王室；二是抵御别的部落，不让他们进入中原；第三是帮助弱小的和有困难的诸侯。
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