２３ 伍子胥过昭关
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在诸侯大国争夺霸权的斗争中，大国兼并小国，扩张了土地。更多小说ltxsba.com可是大国的诸侯不得不把新得到的土地分封给立了功的大夫。大夫的势力大了起来。他们之间也经常发生斗争。大国国内的矛盾尖锐起来，都想把争夺霸权的战争暂时停止下来。
为了这个缘故，宋国大夫向戍（音shu）在晋、楚两国之间奔走，做调停人。
公元前546年，晋楚两国和其他几个国家，在宋国举行了“弭兵会议”（弭音mi，弭兵就是停止战争）。在这次会议上，晋国的大夫和楚国的大夫代表南北两个集团讲了和，订了盟约。规定除齐、秦两个大国外，各小国都要向晋、楚两国同样朝贡。晋楚两国平分霸权，以后五十多年里，没发生大的战争。
到楚庄王的孙子楚平王即位之后，楚国渐渐衰落了。公元前522年，楚平王要把原来的太子建废掉。这时候，太子建和他的老师伍奢正在城父（在河南襄城西）镇守。楚平王怕伍奢不同意，先把伍奢叫来，诬说太子建正在谋反。
伍奢说什么也不承认，立刻被关进监狱。
楚平王一面派人去杀太子建，一面又逼伍奢写信给他的两个儿子伍尚和伍子胥，叫他们回来，以便一起除掉。大儿子伍尚回到郢都（今湖北江陵西北，郢音ying），就跟父亲伍奢一起，被楚平王杀害。太子建事先得到风声，带着儿子公子胜逃到宋国去了。
伍奢的另一个儿子伍子胥，也从楚国逃出来，他赶到宋国，找到了太子建。不巧宋国发生内乱，伍子胥又带着太子建、公子胜逃到郑国，想请郑国帮他们报仇。可是郑国国君郑定公没有同意。
太子建报仇心切，竟勾结郑国的一些大臣想夺郑定公的权，被郑定公杀了。伍子胥只好带着公子胜逃出郑国，投奔吴国（都城在今江苏苏州）。
楚平王早就下令悬赏捉拿伍子胥，叫人画了伍子胥的像，挂在楚国各地的城门口，嘱咐各地官吏盘查。
伍子胥带着公子胜逃出郑国后，白天躲藏，晚上赶路，来到吴楚两国交界的昭关（在今安徽含山县北）。关上的官吏盘查得很紧。传说伍子胥一连几夜愁得睡不着觉，连头发也愁白了。幸亏他们遇到了一个好心人东皋公，同情伍子胥，把他接到自己家里。东皋公有个朋友，模样有点像伍子胥。东皋公让他冒充伍子胥过关。守关的逮住了这个假伍子胥，而那个真伍子胥因为头发全白，面貌变了，守关的认不出来，就被他混出关去。
伍子胥出了昭关，害怕后面有追兵，急忙往前跑。前面是一条大江拦住去路。伍子胥正在着急，江上有个打鱼的老头儿划着一只小船过来，把伍子胥渡过江去。
过了大江，伍子胥感激万分，摘下身边的宝剑，交给老渔人，说：“这把宝剑是楚王赐给我祖父的，值一百两金子。
现在送给你，好歹表表我的心意。”
老渔人说：“楚王为了追捕你，出了五万石粮食的赏金，还答应封告发人大夫爵位。我不贪图这个赏金、爵位，难道会要你这宝剑吗？”
伍子胥连忙向老渔人赔礼，收了宝剑，辞别老渔人走了。
伍子胥到了吴国，吴国的公子光正想夺取王位。在伍子胥帮助下，公子光杀了吴王僚（音liao），自立为王。这就是吴王阖闾（音helu）。
吴王阖闾即位之后，封伍子胥为大夫，帮助他处理国家大事；又用了一位将军孙武，是个善于用兵的大军事家。吴王依靠伍子胥和孙武这两个人，整顿兵马，先兼并了临近几个小国。
公元前506年，吴王阖闾拜孙武为大将，伍子胥为副将，亲自率领大军，向楚国进攻，连战连胜，把楚国的军队打得一败涂地，一直打到郢都。
那时，楚平王已经死去，他的儿子楚昭王也逃走了。伍子胥恨透了楚平王，刨了他的坟，还把平王的尸首挖出来狠狠鞭打了一顿。
吴军占领了郢都。楚国人申包胥逃到秦国，向秦国求救。秦哀公没同意出兵。申包胥在秦国宫门外赖着不走，日日夜夜痛哭，竟哭了七天七夜。秦哀公终于被感动了，说：“楚国虽然暴虐无道，但是有这样好的臣子，怎能眼看他们亡国！”
秦哀公派兵救楚国，击败了吴军，吴王阖闾才撤兵回国。
吴王阖闾回到吴国都城，把第一大功归给孙武。孙武不愿意做官，回乡隐居去了。他留下的一部《孙子兵法》，是我国最早的杰出的军事著作。
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