２５ 勾践卧薪尝胆
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吴王阖闾打败楚国，成了南方霸主。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com吴国跟附近的越国（都城在今浙江绍兴）素来不和。公元前496年，越国国王勾践即位。吴王趁越国刚刚遭到丧事，就发兵打越国。吴越两国在-李（今浙江嘉兴西南，-音zui）地方，发生一场大战。
吴王阖闾满以为可以打赢，没想到打了个败仗，自己又中箭受了重伤，再加上上了年纪，回到吴国，就咽了气。
吴王阖闾死后，儿子夫差即位。阖闾临死时对夫差说：
“不要忘记报越国的仇。”
夫差记住这个嘱咐，叫人经常提醒他。他经过宫门，手下的人就扯开了嗓子喊：“夫差！你忘了越王杀你父亲的仇吗？”
夫差流着眼泪说：“不，不敢忘。”
他叫伍子胥和另一个大臣伯-（音pi）操练兵马，准备攻打越国。
过了两年，吴王夫差亲自率领大军去打越国。越国有两个很能干的大夫，一个叫文种，一个叫范蠡（音li）。范蠡对勾践说：“吴国练兵快三年了。这回决心报仇，来势凶猛。咱们不如守住城，不要跟他们作战。”
勾践不同意，也发大军去跟吴国人拼个死活。两国的军队在大湖一带打上了。越军果然大败。
越王勾践带了五千个残兵败将逃到会稽，被吴军围困起来。
勾践弄得一点办法都没有了。他跟范蠡说：“懊悔没有听你的话，弄到这步田地。现在该怎么办？”
范蠡说：“咱们赶快去求和吧。”
勾践派文种到吴王营里去求和。文种在夫差面前把勾践愿意投降的意思说了一遍。吴王夫差想同意，可是伍子胥坚决反对。
文种回去后，打听到吴国的伯-是个贪财好色的小人，就把一批美女和珍宝，私下送给伯-，请伯-在夫差面前讲好话。
经过伯-在夫差面前一番劝说，吴王夫差不顾伍子胥的反对，答应了越国的求和，但是要勾践亲自到吴国去。
文种回去向勾践报告了。勾践把国家大事托付给文种，自己带着夫人和范蠡到吴国去。
勾践到了吴国，夫差让他们夫妇俩住在阖闾的大坟旁边一间石屋里，叫勾践给他喂马。范蠡跟着做奴仆的工作。夫差每次坐车出去，勾践就给他拉马，这样过了两年，夫差认为勾践真心归顺了他，就放勾践回国。
勾践回到越国后，立志报仇雪耻。他唯恐眼前的安逸消磨了志气，在吃饭的地方挂上一个苦胆，每逢吃饭的时候，就先尝一尝苦味，还自己问：“你忘了会稽的耻辱吗？”他还把席子撤去，用柴草当作褥子。这就是后来人传诵的“卧薪尝胆”。
勾践决定要使越国富强起来，他亲自参加耕种，叫他的夫人自己织布，来鼓励生产。因为越国遭到亡国的灾难，人口大大减少，他订出奖励生育的制度。他叫文种管理国家大事，叫范蠡训练人马，自己虚心听从别人的意见，救济贫苦的百姓。全国的老百姓都巴不得多加一把劲，好叫这个受欺压的国家改变成为强国。
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