３３ 孟尝君的门客
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秦昭襄王为了拆散齐楚联盟，他使用两种手段。龙腾小说ltxsba.com对楚国他用的是硬手段，对齐国他用的是软手段。他听说齐国最有势力的大臣是孟尝君，就邀请孟尝君上咸阳来，说是要拜他为丞相。
孟尝君是齐国的贵族，名叫田文。他为了巩固自己的地位，专门招收人才。凡是投奔到他门下来的，他都收留下来，供养他们。这种人叫做门客，也叫做食客。据说，孟尝君门下一共养了三千个食客。其中有许多人其实没有什么本领，只是混口饭吃。
孟尝君上咸阳去的时候，随身带了一大帮门客。秦昭襄王亲自欢迎他。孟尝君献上一件纯白的狐狸皮的袍子作见面礼。秦昭襄王知道这是很名贵的银狐皮，很高兴地把它藏在内库里。
秦昭襄王本来打算请孟尝君当丞相，有人对他说：“田文是齐国的贵族，手下人又多。他当了丞相，一定先替齐国打算，秦国不就危险了吗？”
秦昭襄王说：“那么，还是把他送回去吧。”
他们说：“他在这儿已经住了不少日子，秦国的情况他差不多全知道，哪儿能轻易放他回去呢？”
秦昭襄王就把孟尝君软禁起来。
孟尝君十分着急，他打听得秦王身边有个宠爱的妃子，就托人向她求救。那个妃子叫人传话说：“叫我跟大王说句话并不难，我只要一件银狐皮袍。”
孟尝君和手下的门客商量，说：“我就这么一件，已经送给秦王了，哪里还能要得回来呢？”
其中有个门客说：“我有办法。”
当天夜里，这个门客就摸黑进王宫，找到了内库，把狐皮袍偷了出来。
孟尝君把狐皮袍子送给秦昭襄王的宠妃。那个妃子得了皮袍，就向秦昭襄王劝说把孟尝君释放回去。秦昭襄王果然同意了，发下过关文书，让孟尝君他们回去。
孟尝君得到文书，急急忙忙地往函谷关跑去。他怕秦王反悔，还改名换姓，把文书上的名字也改了。到了关上，正赶上半夜里。依照秦国的规矩，每天早晨，关上要到鸡叫的时候才许放人。大伙儿正在愁眉苦脸盼天亮的时候，忽然有个门客捏着鼻子学起公鸡叫来。一声跟着一声，附近的公鸡全都叫起来了。
守关的人听到鸡叫，开了城门，验过过关文书，让孟尝君出了关。
秦昭襄王果然后悔，派人赶到函谷关，孟尝君已经走远了。
孟尝君回到齐国，当了齐国的相国。他门下的食客就更多了。他把门客分为几等：头等的门客出去有车马，一般的门客吃的有鱼肉，至于下等的门客，就只能吃粗菜淡饭了。有个名叫冯-（一作冯-）的老头子，穷苦得活不下去，投到孟尝君门下来作食客。孟尝君问管事的：“这个人有什么本领？”
管事的回答说：“他说没有什么本领。”
孟尝君笑着说：“把他留下吧。”
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