４０ 纸上谈兵的赵括
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公元前262年，秦昭襄王派大将白起进攻韩国，占领了野王（今河南沁阳）。龙腾小说ltxsba.com截断了上党郡（治所在今山西长治）和韩都的联系，上党形势危急。上党的韩军将领不愿意投降秦国，打发使者带着地图把上党献给赵国。
赵孝成王（赵惠文王的儿子）派军队接收了上党。过了两年，秦国又派王-（音he）围住上党。
赵孝成王听到消息，连忙派廉颇率领二十多万大军去救上党。他们才到长平（今山西高平县西北），上党已经被秦军攻占了。
王-还想向长平进攻。廉颇连忙守住阵地，叫兵士们修筑堡垒，深挖壕沟，跟远来的秦军对峙，准备作长期抵抗的打算。
王-几次三番向赵军挑战，廉颇说什么也不跟他们交战。王-想不出什么法子，只好派人回报秦昭襄王，说：“廉颇是个富有经验的老将，不轻易出来交战。我军老远到这儿，长期下去，就怕粮草接济不上，怎么好呢？”
秦昭襄王请范雎出主意。范雎说：“要打败赵国，必须先叫赵国把廉颇调回去。”
秦昭襄王说：“这哪儿办得到呢？”
范雎说：“让我来想办法。”
过了几天，赵孝成王听到左右纷纷议论，说：“秦国就是怕让年轻力强的赵括带兵；廉颇不中用，眼看就快投降啦！”
他们所说的赵括，是赵国名将赵奢的儿子。赵括小时爱学兵法，谈起用兵的道理来，头头是道，自以为天下无敌，连他父亲也不在他眼里。
赵王听信了左右的议论，立刻把赵括找来，问他能不能打退秦军。赵括说：“要是秦国派白起来，我还得考虑对付一下。如今来的是王-，他不过是廉颇的对手。要是换上我，打败他不在话下。”
赵王听了很高兴，就拜赵括为大将，去接替廉颇。
蔺相如对赵王说：“赵括只懂得读父亲的兵书，不会临阵应变，不能派他做大将。”可是赵王对蔺相如的劝告听不进去。
赵括的母亲也向赵王上了一道奏章，请求赵王别派他儿子去。赵王把她召了来，问她什么理由。赵母说：“他父亲临终的时候再三嘱咐我说，‘赵括这孩子把用兵打仗看作儿戏似的，谈起兵法来，就眼空四海，目中无人。将来大王不用他还好，如果用他为大将的话，只怕赵军断送在他手里。’所以我请求大王千万别让他当大将。”
赵王说：“我已经决定了，你就别管吧。”
公元前260年，赵括领兵二十万到了长平，请廉颇验过兵符。廉颇办了移交，回邯郸去了。
赵括统率着四十万大车，声势十分浩大。他把廉颇规定的一套制度全部废除，下了命令说：“秦国再来挑战，必须迎头打回去。敌人打败了，就得追下去，非杀得他们片甲不留不算完。”
那边范雎得到赵括替换廉颇的消息，知道自己的反间计成功，就秘密派白起为上将军，去指挥秦军。白起一到长平，布置好埋伏，故意打了几阵败仗。赵括不知是计，拼命追赶。白起把赵军引到预先埋伏好的地区，派出精兵二万五千人，切断赵军的后路；另派五千骑兵，直冲赵军大营，把四十万赵军切成两段。赵括这才知道秦军的厉害，只好筑起营垒坚守，等待救兵。秦国又发兵把赵国救兵和运粮的道路切断了。
赵括的军队，内无粮草，外无救兵，守了四十多天，兵士都叫苦连天，无心作战。赵括带兵想冲出重围，秦军万箭齐发，把赵括射死了。赵军听到主将被杀，也纷纷扔了武器投降。四十万赵军，就在纸上谈兵的主帅赵括手里全部覆没了。
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