４９ 大泽乡起义
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秦始皇为了抵抗匈奴，建造长城，发兵三十万，征集了民-几十万；为了开发南方，动员了军民三十万。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com他又用七十万囚犯，动工建造一座巨大豪华的阿房宫（阿房音eapang）。到了二世即位，从各地征调了几十万囚犯和民-，大规模修造秦始皇的陵墓。这座坟开得很大很深，把大量的铜熔化了灌下去铸地基，上面盖了石室、墓道和墓穴。二世又叫工匠在大坟里挖成江河湖海的样子，灌上了水银。然后把秦始皇葬在那里。
安葬完了，为了防备将来可能有人盗坟，还叫工匠在墓穴里装了杀人的设备，最后竟残酷地把所有造坟的工匠全都埋庄墓道里，不让一个人出来。
大坟没完工，二世和赵高又继续建造阿房宫。那时候，全中国人口不过二千万，前前后后被征发去筑长城、守岭南、修阿房宫、造大坟和别的劳役合起来差不多有二三百万人，耗费了不知多少人力财力，逼得百姓怨声载道。
公元前209年，阳城（今河南登封东南）的地方官派了两个军官，押着九百名民-送到渔阳（今北京市密云西南）去防守。军官从这批壮丁当中挑了两个个儿大、办事能干的人当屯长，叫他们管理其他的人。这两个人一个叫陈胜，阳城人，是个给人当长工的；一个叫吴广，阳夏（今河南太康县）人，是个贫苦农民。
陈胜年青时候，就是个有志气的人。他跟别的长工一块儿给地主种田，心里常常想，我年青力壮，为什么这样成年累月地给别人做牛做马呢，总有一天，我也要干点大事业出来。
有一次，他跟伙伴们在田边休息，对伙伴们说：“咱们将来富贵了，可别忘了老朋友啊！”
大伙儿听了好笑，说：“你给人家卖力气种地，打哪儿来的富贵？”
陈胜叹口气，自言自语说：“唉，燕雀怎么会懂得鸿雁的志向呢！”
陈胜和吴广本来不相识，后来当了民-，碰在一块儿，同病相怜，很快就成了朋友。他们只怕误了日期，天天急着往北赶路。
到大泽乡（今安徽宿县东南）的时候，正赶上连天大雨，水淹了道，没法通行。他们只好扎了营，停留下来，准备天一放晴再上路。
秦朝的法令很严酷，被征发的民-如果误了期，就要被杀头。大伙儿看看雨下个不停，急得真像热锅上的蚂蚁似的，不知道怎么办才好。
陈胜偷偷跟吴广商量：“这儿离渔阳还有几千里，怎么也赶不上限期了，难道我们就白白地去送死吗？”
吴广说：“那怎么行，咱们开小差逃吧。”陈胜说：“开小差被抓回来是死，起来造反也是死，一样是死，不如起来造反，就是死了也比送死强。老百姓吃秦朝的苦也吃够了。听说二世是个小儿子，本来就挨不到他做皇帝，该登基的是扶苏，大家都同情他；还有，楚国的大将项燕，立过大功，大家都知道他是条好汉，现在也不知道是死了还是活着。要是咱们借着扶苏和项燕的名义，号召天下，楚地的人一定会来响应我们。”
吴广完全赞成陈胜的主张。为了让大伙儿相信他们，他们利用当时人大多迷信鬼神，想出了一些计策。他们拿了一块白绸条，用朱砂在上面写上“陈胜王”三个大字，把它塞在一条人家网起来的鱼肚子里。兵士们买了鱼回去，剖开了鱼，发现了这块绸子上面的字，十分惊奇。
到了半夜，吴广又偷偷地跑到营房附近的一座破庙里，点起篝火，先装作狐狸叫，接着喊道：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”全营的兵士听了，更是又惊又害怕。
第二天，大伙儿看到陈胜，都在背后点点戳戳地议论着这些奇怪的事，加上陈胜平日待人和气，就更加尊敬陈胜了。
有一天，两个军官喝醉了酒。吴广故意跑去激怒军官，跟他们说，反正误了期，还是让大家散伙回去吧。那军官果然大怒，拿起军棍责打吴广，还拔出宝剑来威吓他。吴广夺过剑来顺手斫倒了一个军官。陈胜也赶上去，把另一个军官杀了。
陈胜把兵士们召集起来说：“男子汉大丈夫不能白白去送死，死也要死得有个名堂。王侯将相，难道是命里注定的吗！”
大伙儿一齐高喊说：“对呀，我们听您的！”
陈胜叫弟兄们搭个台，做了一面大旗。旗上写了一个斗大的“楚”字。大伙对天起誓，同心协力，推翻秦朝。他们公推陈胜、吴广为首领。九百条好汉一下子就把大泽乡占领了。临近的农民听到这个消息，都拿出粮食来慰劳他们，青年们纷纷拿着锄头铁耙到营里来投军。人多了，没有刀枪和旗子，他们就砍了许多木棒做刀枪，削了竹子做旗竿。就这样，陈胜、吴广建立了历史上第一支农民起义军。历史上把这件事称作“揭竿而起”（揭，音jie，就是举起的意思）。
起义军打下了陈县（今河南淮阳）。陈胜召集陈县父老商量。大家说：“将军替天下百姓报仇，征伐暴虐的秦国。这样大的功劳，应该称王。”
陈胜就被拥戴称了王，国号叫做“张楚”。
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