６３ 周亚夫的细柳营
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汉文帝即位之后，跟匈奴贵族继续采取和亲的政策，双方没有发生大规模的战争。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com但是后来匈奴的单于听信了汉奸的挑拨，跟汉朝绝了交。公元前158年，匈奴的军臣单于起兵六万，侵犯上郡（治所在今西榆林东南）和云中（治所在今内蒙古托克托东北），杀了不少老百姓，抢掠了不少财物。边境的烽火台都放起烽火来报警，远远近近的火光，连长安也望得见。
汉文帝连忙派三位将军带领三路人马去抵抗；为了保卫长安，另外派了三位将军带兵驻扎在长安附近：将军刘礼驻扎在灞上，徐厉驻扎在棘门（今陕西咸阳市东北），周亚夫驻扎在细柳（今咸阳市西南）。
有一次，汉文帝亲自到这些地方去慰劳军队，顺便也去视察一下。
他先到灞上，刘礼和他部下将士一见皇帝驾到，都纷纷骑着马来迎接。汉文帝的车驾闯进军营，一点没有受到什么阻拦。
汉文帝慰劳了一阵走了，将士们忙不迭欢送。
接着，他又来到棘门，受到的迎送仪式也是一样隆重。
最后，汉文帝来到细柳。周亚夫军营的前哨一见远远有一彪人马过来，立刻报告周亚夫。将士们披蓝带甲，弓上弦，刀出鞘，完全是准备战斗的样子。
汉文帝的先遣队到达了营门。守营的岗哨立刻拦住，不让进去。
先遣的官员威严地吆喝了一声，说：“皇上马上驾到！”
营门的守将毫不慌张地回答说：“军中只听将军的军令。
将军没有下令，不能放你们进去。”
官员正要同守将争执，文帝的车驾已经到了。守营的将士照样挡住。
汉文帝只好命令侍从拿出皇帝的符节，派人给周亚夫传话说：“我要进营来劳军。”
周亚夫下命令打开营门，让汉文帝的车驾进来。
护送文帝的人马一进营门，守营的官员又郑重地告诉他们：“军中有规定：军营内不许车马奔驰。”
侍从的官员都很生气。汉文帝却吩咐大家放松缰绳，缓缓地前进。
到了中营，只见周亚夫披戴着全身盔甲，拿着兵器，威风凛凛地站在汉文帝面前，拱拱手作个揖，说：“臣盔甲在身，不能下拜，请允许按照军礼朝见。”
汉文帝听了，大为震动，也扶着车前的横木欠了欠身，向周亚夫表示答礼。接着，又派人向全军将士传达他的慰问。
慰问结束后，汉文帝离开细柳，在回长安的路上，汉文帝的侍从人员都愤愤不平，认为周亚夫对皇帝太无礼了。
但是，汉文帝却赞不绝口，说：“啊，这才是真正的将军啊！灞上和棘门两个地方的军队，松松垮垮，就跟孩子们闹着玩儿一样。如果敌人来偷袭，不做俘虏才怪呢。像周亚夫这样治军，敌人怎敢侵犯他啊！”
过了一个多月，前锋汉军开到北方，匈奴退了兵。防卫长安的三路军队也撤了。
汉文帝在这一次视察中，认定周亚夫是个军事人才，就把他提升为中尉（负责京城治安的军事长官）。
第二年，汉文帝害了重病。临死的时候，他把太子叫到跟前，特地嘱咐说：“如果将来国家发生动乱，叫周亚夫统率军队，准错不了。”
汉文帝死了后，太子刘启即位，就是汉景帝。
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