６５ 马邑诱敌战
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汉文帝、汉景帝两代都采取休养生息的政策，六十多年内，除了短时期的七国叛乱，没有发生过大的战争。更多小说ltxsba.com因此，社会的经济得到恢复和发展。据说，到了景帝的后期，国家仓库里的钱不知道积了多少万，串钱的绳子都烂断了；粮仓里的粮食多得吃不完，一年年地堆积上去，都满到露天的地上来了，有的甚至霉腐了。历史上把这段时期称为“文景之治”。
但是，强盛的汉朝却常常受到北方匈奴的威胁。从汉高祖在白登受包围以后，汉朝对匈奴一直采取“和亲”政策。这种“和亲”，实际上是一种妥协，不但要把汉朝皇室的女儿嫁给匈奴单于，每年还得送给匈奴许多财物。即使这样做，匈奴贵族还是经常侵犯中原，杀害百姓，掠夺粮食和牛羊，使北方地区不得安宁。
汉景帝死后，即位的汉武帝刘彻是个雄心勃勃的皇帝，一心要想改变这种屈辱的地位。
公元前135年，匈奴的军臣单于又派使者来要求和亲，汉武帝要大臣们议论一下。有个将军王恢说：“过去朝廷同匈奴和亲，匈奴老是不守盟约，侵犯边界，我们应该发兵打击他们一下才好。”
许多大臣都反对王恢的建议，汉武帝自己觉得没有把握，只好暂时答应匈奴和亲。
过了两年，马邑地方有个大商人聂壹（聂音nie）来找王恢，说：“匈奴在边界经常侵犯，总是一个祸根。现在趁刚跟他们和亲的机会，把匈奴引进来，我们来一个伏击，准能打个大胜仗。”
王恢问他：“你有什么办法能把匈奴引进来？”
聂壹说：“我经常在边界上做买卖，匈奴人都认识我。我可以借做买卖的因头，假装把马邑献给单于。单于贪图马邑的货物，一定会来。我们把大军埋伏在附近地方，只要等单于一到马邑，将军就可以截断他们的后路，活捉单于。”
王恢把聂壹的主意告诉汉武帝。汉武帝决心采用聂壹的计策，派王恢、韩安国、公孙贺、李广等将军带领三十万人马埋伏在马邑旁边的山谷里。
聂壹故意逃到匈奴，跟军臣单于说：“我有办法混进马邑，杀死那里的官吏，这样可以稳稳当当拿下马邑。”
军臣单于听了很高兴，但是到底有点怀疑，先派几个心腹跟聂壹一起到马邑去，只等聂壹真的把官吏杀了，再发兵进去。
聂壹回到马邑，按照事前和王恢商量好的办法，杀了几个已经定了死罪的犯人，把他们的头挂在城头上，骗匈奴使者去看，说这就是马邑县官的脑袋。
匈奴使者见了人头，信以为真，立刻回去报告军臣单于。
军臣单于亲自带领十万骑兵去接管马邑，到了离马邑大约一百多里地的武州地方（今山西左云县），只见草原上放着许多牲口，却没放牲口的人。军臣单于一边走，一边犯了疑。这时候，他见到前面有一座亭堡（亭堡是9332望敌人，传递消息用的），就决心打下这座亭堡，问个明白。
他们打下亭堡，抓住守在那里的亭尉。军臣单于威胁他说：“你把情况老实告诉我！要是说半句谎话，我马上把你的头砍了。”
那亭尉吓得要命，就把汉兵布置的埋伏全都告诉了军臣单于。
军臣单于一听，大吃一惊，赶快命令全军撤退。出了武州地界，他才喘口气说：“幸亏我抓到亭尉。真是好险哪。”
埋伏在马邑的汉军，得到匈奴逃回去的消息，赶快带大军追上去，可哪儿再追得上？只好空手回来。
汉武帝的诱击战没有成功。但是，打那以后，汉朝和匈奴的和亲关系破裂，接连发生了大规模的战争。
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