８３ “党锢”事件
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宦官五侯掌权以后，跟梁冀一样胡作非为。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com他们把持朝政，卖官卖爵，从朝廷到全国郡县，都有他们的亲信，搞得社会黑暗不堪。
当时有一批士族地主出身的官员，不满宦官掌权，主张改革朝政，罢斥宦官；还有一批中小地主出身的太学生，因为社会腐败，找不到出路，也要求改革。他们批评朝政，对掌权的宦官和附和宦官的人，深恶痛绝。
公元165年，陈蕃做了太尉，名士李膺做了司隶校尉，这两个人都是不满宦官的。太学生都拥护他们，把他们看作是模范人物。
李膺当了司隶校尉后，有人告发宦官张让的兄弟、野王（今河南沁阳县）县令张朔贪污勒索。李膺要查办张朔。张朔逃到洛阳，躲进他哥哥家里。李膺亲自带领公差到张让家搜查，在张家的夹墙里搜出张朔，把他逮走。张让赶快托人去求情，李膺已经把案子审理清楚，把张朔杀了。
张让气得什么似的，马上向汉桓帝哭诉。桓帝知道张朔确实有罪，也没有难为李膺。
这一来，李膺的名气就更大了。一些读书人都希望能见见李膺，要是受到李膺的接见，就被看作很光彩的事，称做“登龙门”。
第二年，有一个和宦官来往密切的方士（搞迷信活动的人）张成，从宦官侯览那里得知朝廷马上要颁布大赦令，就纵容他的儿子杀人。李膺马上把杀人凶手逮捕起来，准备法办。
第二天，大赦令下来，张成得意地对众人说：“诏书下来了，不怕司隶校尉不把我儿子放出来。”
这话传到李膺耳朵里，李膺更加冒火。他说：“张成预先知道大赦，故意教儿子杀人，大赦就不该轮到他儿子身上。”
说完，就下令把张成的儿子砍了头。
张成哪儿肯罢休，他要宦官侯览、张让替他报仇。他们商量了一个鬼主意，叫张成的弟子牢修向桓帝告了一状，诬告李膺和太学生、名士结成一党，诽谤朝廷，败坏风俗。
汉桓帝接到牢修的控告，就下命令逮捕党人。除了李膺之外，还有杜密、陈-和范滂等二百多人，都被他们写进党人的黑名单。朝廷出了赏格，通令各地，非要把这些人抓到不可。
杜密像李膺一样，也是敢于跟掌权的宦官作对的官员。两个人的名望差不多，人们把他们联在一起，称为“李、杜”。
李膺下了监狱，杜密当然也逃不了。
陈-本来是个太学生，因为有名望，也被划到党人名单里去。有人劝他逃走。陈-并不害怕，说：“我逃了，别人怎么办？我进了狱，也可以壮壮别人的胆。”他说着，就上京城，自己投案，进了监狱。
范滂也跟陈-一样，挺着腰板进了监狱。
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