９１ 官渡大战
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刘备逃到了邺城（冀州的治所，在今河北临漳西南），袁绍才感到曹操是个强大的敌人，决心进攻许都。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com原来劝他攻打许都的田丰，这时候却不赞成马上进攻。他说：“现在许都已经不是空虚的了，怎么还能去袭击呢！曹操兵马虽然少，但是他善于用兵，变化多端，可不能小看他。我看还是作长期的打算。”
袁绍不听田丰的话，田丰一再劝谏，袁绍反认为他扰乱军心，把他下了监狱，他向各州郡发出文书，声讨曹操。公元200年，袁绍集中了十万精兵，派沮授（沮音ju）为监军，从邺城出发进兵黎阳（今河南浚县）。他先派大将颜良渡过黄河，进攻白马（今河南滑县）。
这时候，曹操早已率领兵马回到官渡，听到白马被围，准备亲自去救。他的谋士荀攸劝他说：“敌人兵多，我们人少，不能跟他硬拼。不如分一部分人马往西在延津（在今河南延津西北）一带假装渡河，把袁军主力引到西边。我们就派一支轻骑兵到白马，打他个措手不及。”
曹操采纳了荀攸的意见，来个声东击西。袁绍听说曹操要在延津渡河，果然派大军来堵截。哪儿知道曹操已经亲自带领一支轻骑兵袭击白马。包围白马的袁军大将颜良没防备，被曹军杀得大败。颜良被杀，白马之围也解除了。
袁绍听到曹操救了白马，气得直跳脚。监军沮授劝袁绍把主力留在延津南面，分一部分兵力出击。但是袁绍心急火燎，不听沮授劝告，下令全军渡河追击曹军，并且派大将文丑率领五六千骑兵打先锋。这时候，曹操从白马向官渡撤退。听说袁军来追，就把六百名骑兵埋伏在延津南坡，叫兵士解下马鞍，让马在山坡下——，把武器盔甲丢得满地都是。
文丑的骑兵赶到南坡，看见这样子，认为曹军已经逃远了，叫兵士收拾那丢在地上的武器。曹操一声令下，六百名伏兵一齐冲杀出来。袁军来不及抵抗，被杀得七零八落。文丑也糊里糊涂地丢了脑袋。
两场仗打下来，袁绍一连损失了他手下的颜良、文丑两员大将，袁军将士打得垂头丧气。但是袁绍不肯罢休，一定要追击曹操。监军沮授说：“我们人尽管多，可没像曹军那么勇猛；曹军虽然勇猛，但是粮食没有我们多。所以我们还是坚守在这里，等曹军粮草完了，他们自然会退兵。”
袁绍又不听沮授劝告，命令将士继续进军，一直赶到官渡，才扎下营寨。曹操的人马也早已回到官渡，布置好阵势，坚守营垒。
袁绍看到曹军守住营垒，就吩咐兵士在曹营外面堆起土山，筑起高台，让兵士们在高台上居高临下向曹营射箭。
曹军只得用盾牌遮住身子，在军营里走动。
曹操跟谋士们一商量，设计了一种霹雳车。这种车上安装着机纽。兵士们扳动机纽，把十几斤重的石头发出去，打坍了袁军的高台，许多袁军兵士被打得头破血流。
袁绍吃了亏，又想出一个办法。他叫兵士在深夜里偷偷地挖地道，打算从地道里钻到曹营去偷袭。但是他们的行动早被曹军发现。曹操吩咐兵士在兵营前挖了一条又长又深的壕沟，切断地道的出口。袁绍的偷袭计划又失败了。
就这样，双方在官渡相持了一个多月。日子一久，曹军粮食越来越少，兵士疲劳不堪。曹操也有点支持不住，写信到许都告诉荀-，准备退兵。荀-回信，劝曹操无论如何要坚持下去。
这时候，袁绍方面的军粮却从邺城源源不断地运来。袁绍派大将淳于琼带领一万人马运送军粮，并把大批军粮囤积在离开官渡四十里的乌巢。
袁绍的谋士许攸探听到曹操缺粮的情报，向袁绍献计，劝袁绍派出一小支人马，绕过官渡，偷袭许都。袁绍很冷淡地说：“不行，我要先打败曹操。”
许攸还想劝他，正好有人从邺城送给袁绍一封信，说许攸家里的人在那里犯法，已经被当地官员逮了起来。袁绍看了信，把许攸狠狠地责骂了一通。
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