１２９ 檀道济唱筹量沙
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宋武帝刘裕在南方建立了宋朝后，过了十九年（公元439年），北魏太武帝拓跋焘（拓跋是姓，焘音dao）灭了十六国中最后一个小国北凉，统一了北方。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com从东晋灭亡后的一百七十年的时间里，我国历史上出现了南北两个政权对峙的局面。南朝先后换了宋、齐、梁、陈四个朝代；北朝的北魏，后来分裂为东魏、西魏；东魏、西魏又分别被北齐、北周代替。历史上把这段时期合起来称为南北朝。
宋武帝做了两年皇帝，到第三年，就病死了。武帝的儿子宋文帝即位以后，北魏大举渡过黄河，进攻宋朝，在黄河以南占领了大片土地。宋文帝派檀道济率领大军抵抗。
有一次，北魏兵进攻济南，檀道济亲自率领将士到济水边，在二十多天里，跟魏军打了三十多仗。宋军节节胜利，一直追到历城（在今山东省）。
这时候，檀道济骄傲起来，防备也有点松懈了。魏军瞅个机会，用两支轻骑兵向檀道济的宋军前后两翼发起突然袭击，把宋军的辎重粮草，放了把火烧了。
檀道济的将士虽然英勇善战，但是断了军粮，就没法维持下去，准备从历城退兵。
宋军中有个兵士逃到魏营投降，把宋军缺粮的情况告诉了北魏的将领。北魏就派出大军追赶檀道济，想把宋军围困起来。
宋军将士看到大批魏军围上来，都有点害怕，有的兵士偷偷逃跑了。檀道济却不慌不忙地命令将士就地扎营休息。
当天晚上，宋军军营里灯火通明，檀道济亲自带领一批管粮的兵士在一个营寨里查点粮食。一些兵士手里拿着竹筹唱着计数，另一些兵士用斗子在量米。
有人偷偷地向营里望了一下，只见一只只米袋里面都是雪白的大米。
这个消息马上被魏兵的探子听到了，赶快去告诉魏将。说檀道济营里军粮还绰绰有余，要想跟檀道济决战，准是又打败仗。
魏将得到情报，以为前面来告密的宋兵是假投降，来诱骗他们上当的，就把投降的宋兵杀了。
其实，魏将中了檀道济的计。檀道济在营里量的并不是白米，而是一斗斗的沙土，只是在沙土上覆盖着少量白米罢了。
到了天色发白，檀道济命令将士戴盔披甲，自己穿着便服，乘着一辆马车，大模大样地沿着大路向南转移。
魏将被檀道济打败过多次，本来对宋军有点害怕，再看到宋军从容不迫地撤退，吃不准他们在哪儿埋伏了多少人马，不敢追赶。
檀道济靠他的镇静和智谋，保全了宋军，使宋军安全地回师。以后，北魏也没敢轻易进攻宋朝。
檀道济在宋武帝和宋文帝两代，都立过大功。但是由于他功劳大，威望高，却引起了宋朝统治者的猜疑。
有一次，宋文帝生了一场病。宋文帝的兄弟刘义康就跟心腹商量说：“如果皇上有什么三长两短，留了檀道济总是一个祸根。”
他们就用宋文帝的名义下了一道诏书，硬说檀道济收罗坏人，企图谋反，把檀道济逮捕起来，要办他死罪。
檀道济在他被捕的时候，气得瞪圆了眼，愤怒的目光像要喷射出火焰来。他恨恨地把头巾拉下，摔在地上，说：“你们不是在毁坏自己的万里长城吗？”
檀道济终于被杀了。这个消息传到北魏。魏朝的将士都高兴得互相庆贺，说：“檀道济一死，南方就没有叫人害怕的人啦！”
后来，宋文帝也很后悔。有一次，北魏的大军打到江北的瓜步（今江苏六合）。宋文帝在建康的石头城上-望远处，很感慨地说：“如果檀道济还活着的话，不会让胡骑横行到这个地步。”
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