１５３ 姚崇灭蝗
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唐中宗复位以后，让他的妻子韦后掌握政权，重用武三思，把朝政弄得混乱不堪。龙腾小说ltxsba.com公元710年，中宗死后，唐睿宗的儿子李隆基起兵杀了韦后，拥戴睿宗复位。过了两年，睿宗把皇位让给李隆基。这就是唐玄宗。
二十多岁的唐玄宗刚即位的时候，一心想恢复唐太宗的事业。他任用姚崇为宰相，整顿朝政，把中宗时期的混乱局面扭转了过来。唐王朝重新出现了兴盛的景象。
正在玄宗励精图治的时候，河南一带发生了一次特大的蝗灾。中原的广阔土地上，到处出现成群的飞蝗。那蝗群飞过的时候，黑压压的一大片，连太阳都被遮没了。蝗群落到哪里，哪个地方的庄稼都被啃得精光。
那时候，人们没有科学知识，认为蝗灾是天降给人们的灾难。再加上有些人有意搞迷信宣传，于是，各地为了消灾求福，都烧香求神。眼看庄稼被蝗虫糟蹋得这样惨，人们拿它一点没有办法。
灾情越来越严重，受灾的地区也越来越扩大。地方官吏不得不向朝廷告急。
宰相姚崇向玄宗上了一道奏章，认为蝗虫不过是一种害虫，没有不能治的。只要各地官民齐心协力驱蝗，蝗灾是可以扑灭的。
唐玄宗十分信任姚崇，立刻批准了姚崇的奏章。姚崇下了一道命令，要百姓一到夜里就在田头点起火堆。等飞蝗看到火光飞下来，就集中扑杀；同时在田边掘个大坑，边打边烧。
这个命令一下去，汴州（今河南开封）刺史倪若水拒不执行。他也写了一道奏章，说蝗虫是天灾，人力是没法抗拒的，要消除蝗灾，只有积德修行。
姚崇看到倪若水的奏章，十分恼火，专门发了一封信责备倪若水，并且严厉警告他说，如果眼看蝗灾流行，不采取救灾灭蝗措施，将来造成饥荒，要他负责。
倪若水看宰相说得很硬，不敢不依。他发动各地官民，用姚崇规定的办法灭蝗，果然有效。光汴州一个地方就扑灭了蝗虫十四万担，灾情缓和了下来。
倪若水在事实面前服输了，可是在长安朝廷里还有一批官员，认为姚崇灭蝗的办法，过去从来也没人做过，现在这样冒冒失失推行，只怕闯出什么乱子来。
唐玄宗听到反对的人多，也有点动摇起来。他又找姚崇来问，姚崇从容不迫地回答说：“做事只要合乎道理，就不能讲老规矩。再说历史上大蝗灾的年头，都因为没有很好扑灭，造成严重灾荒。现在河南河北，积存的粮食不多，如果今年因为蝗灾而没收获，将来百姓没粮吃，流离失所，国家就危险了。”
唐玄宗一听蝗灾不除，要威胁国家安全，也害怕起来，说：
“依你说，该怎么办才好？”
姚崇说：“大臣们说我的办法不好，陛下也有顾虑。我看这事陛下且别管，由我来处理。万一出了乱子，我愿意受革职处分。”
唐玄宗这才点头同意了。
姚崇出宫的时候，有个宦官悄悄扯住他的衣袖，说：“杀虫太多，总是伤和气的事，希望相公好好考虑一下。”
姚崇说：“这件事就这么定了，请你不必再说。如果不杀蝗虫，到处都是荒地。河南百姓，统统饿死，这难道不伤和气吗？”
由于姚崇考虑到国家的安全、百姓的生活，不顾许多人反对，坚决灭蝗，各地的蝗灾终于平息下来。
姚崇办事干练是出名的。有一次，姚崇家里有丧事，请了十天假，朝廷的公事就积压了一大堆。另一个宰相卢怀慎不知道该怎么处理，急得团团转。过了十天，姚崇回朝，没有花多少时间，就把案头的积件处理完了。旁边的官员看了，没有一个不佩服他。姚崇自己也有点得意，问一个官员说：“我这个宰相，能跟古代什么人相比？能不能比得上管仲、晏婴？”
那官员说：“跟管仲、晏婴似乎比不上，但是也可以称得上‘救时宰相’了。”
唐玄宗在他即位以后的前二十多年里，除了姚崇以外，还任用过好几个有名的贤相，像宋-、张说、韩休、张九龄等，他还比较肯接受宰相和大臣们的正确意见，采取了一些有利于经济发展的措施。这个时期唐朝国力强盛，财政充裕。据说，当时各州县的仓库里都堆满了粮食布帛，长安和洛阳的米和帛都跌了价。历史上把这段时期称为“开元之治”（“开元”是唐玄宗前期的年号）。
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