１５８ 马嵬驿兵变
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潼关是京城长安的门户，那里形势险要，道路狭窄。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com唐玄宗派大将哥舒翰带领重兵把守。叛将崔乾-在潼关外屯兵半年，没法打进去。潼关的守军每天晚上在烽火台烧起一把火，作为平安的信号。关里的烽火台接到信号，也一座接一座放“平安火”，一直传到长安，让长安人民放心。
叛军攻不进潼关，但是关里的唐王朝内部却闹起矛盾来。哥舒翰主张坚守潼关，等待时机；郭子仪、李光弼也从河北前线给唐玄宗上奏章，他们请求引兵北上，攻打安禄山的老巢范阳；要潼关守军千万不要出关。但是，宰相杨国忠却反对这样做。有人对杨国忠说：“现在重兵都在哥舒翰手里，如果哥舒翰打胜了，回到长安，你的宰相位子就保不住了。”杨国忠自己知道他这个宰相最不得人心，听了这番话，更加害怕，就在唐玄宗面前说潼关外的叛军已经不堪一击，哥舒翰守在潼关按兵不动，会丧失歼灭叛军的时机。昏庸的唐玄宗听信杨国忠的话，接二连三派使者到潼关，逼哥舒翰带兵出潼关。
哥舒翰明知出关没有好处，但是没法违抗皇帝的圣旨，痛哭一场，只好带兵出关了。
关外的叛将崔乾-早已养精蓄锐，只等唐军出关。崔乾-派精兵埋伏在灵宝（在今河南省西部）西面的山谷里。哥舒翰的二十万大军一出关，就中了埋伏，几乎被叛军打得全军覆没。二十万人马只剩下八千。
哥舒翰还想收拾残兵，他的部下先乱了起来，叛军乘胜打进潼关。哥舒翰也被俘虏了。
潼关一失守，关内就没险可守。从潼关到长安之间的一些地方官员和守兵，都纷纷放弃城逃走。
开始，哥舒翰还派人到长安告急。后来，告急的文书中断；晚上，烽火台上的“平安火”也见不到了。到这时候，唐玄宗才感到形势危急，着急起来，要杨国忠想办法。
杨国忠把文武百官召集起来商量，大家都干着急，谁也想不出一个好主意来。杨国忠知道留在长安，没有生路，就劝玄宗逃到蜀地去。
当天晚上，唐玄宗，杨国忠带着杨贵妃和一批皇子皇孙，在将军陈玄礼和禁卫军护送下，悄悄地打开宫门，逃出长安。
他们派个宦官先到沿路各地，要官员准备接待。
哪知道才到咸阳，派出的宦官和县令都已经逃了。唐玄宗一伙人走了半天，没有人给他们送饭。随行太监好容易找到当地百姓，向他们讨了点粮食。有几个百姓送上一点高粱饽饽。那些皇子皇孙平时养尊处优，哪里吃过这样的饭，但是实在饿得慌，也顾不得什么体面，没有碗筷，就用手捞着吃，一下子就吃得精光。
唐玄宗勉强咽了几口饽饽，直流眼泪。有个老人挤到车前，对玄宗说：“安禄山想造反，已经不是一天了。这么多年来，有人向朝廷告发，反而被关被杀。陛下周围的大臣，只会奉承拍马，外面的情况，陛下一概听不到。我们普通百姓早知道有这么一天，不过朝廷宫门太深，百姓的意见陛下听不到。要不是到了今天这步田地，我们怎么能站在陛下面前说话呢！”
唐玄宗垂头丧气地说：“这是我太糊涂，现在后悔也来不及了。”
这样走走停停，第三天到了马嵬驿（在今陕西兴平县西，嵬，音wei）随行的将士又饿又疲劳，实在忍不住了。他们心思越想越气，好好的长安呆不住，弄得到处流亡，受尽辛苦。他们认为，这全是受了奸相杨国忠的累，这笔帐得向杨国忠算。
这个时候，有二十几个吐蕃使者拦住杨国忠的马，向杨国忠要粮。杨国忠还没来得及答话，周围的兵士已经嚷起来：
“杨国忠要造反了！”一面嚷，一面就射起箭来。
杨国忠慌里慌张想逃走，几个兵士赶上去，把他的头砍了下来。
兵士们杀了杨国忠，情绪激昂，把唐玄宗住的驿馆包围了起来。唐玄宗听到外面闹哄哄的，问是怎么回事，左右太监告诉他，兵士们已把杨国忠杀了。玄宗大吃一惊，不得不扶着拐杖，走出驿门，慰劳兵士，要将士们回营休息。
兵士们不理唐玄宗的话，照样吵吵嚷嚷。玄宗派高力士找到陈玄礼，问兵士们为什么不肯散。陈玄礼回答说：“杨国忠谋反，贵妃也不能留下来了。”
这下可把唐玄宗难住了，他怎么舍得杀这个宠爱的妃子呢？他低着头站了半晌，才说：“贵妃住在内宫，怎么知道杨国忠谋反呢？”
高力士知道不杀杨贵妃，不能平息兵士的气愤，就说：“贵妃是没有罪，但是将士们杀了杨国忠，如果留着贵妃，将士哪会心安。希望陛下慎重考虑，将士心安，陛下也安全了。”
唐玄宗为了保自己的命，只好狠了狠心，叫高力士把杨贵妃带到别的地方，用带子勒死了。
将士们听到杨贵妃已经被处死，总算消了口气，才撤围回营。
经过这场兵变，唐玄宗像惊弓之鸟一样，急急忙忙逃到成都去了。太子李亨被当地百姓挽留下来主持朝政。李亨从马嵬驿一路收拾残余的队伍北上，在灵武（今宁夏灵武西南）即位，这就是唐肃宗。
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