１６８ 东宫里的棋手
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唐德宗宠信宦官。龙腾小说ltxsba.com那些贪得无厌的宦官，想尽办法来欺压和剥削百姓，不择手段地掠夺财物。他们设立了“宫市”，让一批太监专门到宫外采购宫里需要的东西。这些太监见到老百姓在市上出卖货物，只要他们需要，就强行购买，只付十分之一的价钱。后来，索性派了几百个太监在街上了望，看中了什么，抢了就走，叫做“白望”。
还有一些宦官在长安开设“五坊”。五坊是专门替皇帝养雕、养鹘（音gu）、养鹞、养鹰、养狗的地方。有一批太监在五坊里当差，叫做五坊小儿。这批人吃饱了饭不干正经事，到处向百姓敲榨勒索。他们要敲哪家的竹杠，就把鸟网张在人家的门口或者井架上。谁要是在家门口进出，或者到井里去打水的时候，碰到了鸟网，就说谁吓走了供奉皇帝的鸟雀，围住他痛打，直到这家人出钱赔礼，他们才扬长而去。
五坊小儿常常在酒店里要酒要菜，大吃大喝，吃得醉醺醺的，七歪八倒地扬长走了。酒店主人向他们要酒钱，不是挨骂，就是挨打。有一次，五坊小儿喝了酒不付钱，他们把捉来的一袋蛇交给店主说：“大爷没带钱，把它放在你这里做个抵押吧，过几天我拿钱来取。不过这些蛇都是宫里捉鸟雀用的，你得小心饲养，要是饿死了一条，小心你的脑袋。”
店主人吓得要命，苦苦哀求五坊小儿把蛇带走，至于酒钱，当然不敢再要了。
宫市和五坊小儿的胡作非为，引起了长安百姓的痛恨，但是在宦官掌权的日子里，有冤往哪儿去诉呢？
那时候，在太子李诵的东宫里，有两个陪伴太子读书的官员。一个叫王叔文，是个好棋手；另一个叫王-，写得一手好字。李诵除了读书之外，喜欢下棋写字，王叔文、王-就经常在东宫陪太子读书下棋。
王叔文出身下级官员，多少懂得一些百姓疾苦。他利用跟太子一起下棋的机会，向太子反映外面的情形。太子听到宦官借宫市为名在外面为非作歹，很不满意。有一次，几个侍读的官员一起在东宫议论起这件事，太子气愤地说：“我见到父皇，一定要提出这件事。”
大家听了，都赞扬太子贤明，只有王叔文在一边一言不发。等别的官员走了，太子把王叔文单独留下来谈话，说：“你不是常谈起宫市的坏处吗？刚刚谈到宫市，你为什么不说话？”
王叔文说：“我看殿下眼下还是少管这些外事为好。如果坏人在皇上面前挑拨是非，说殿下想收买人心，皇上怀疑起来，殿下要辩白也难了。”
太子恍然大悟说：“不是先生提醒，我还想不到这一点。”
打那以后，太子更加信任王叔文。王叔文认为德宗老了，太子迟早要接替皇位，就暗地里替他物色朝廷中有才能的官员，跟他们结交。他私下对太子说，这个人将来可以当宰相，那个人将来可以担任将军。
不料过了一年，太子得了中风病，舌头不听使唤，讲不出话来。老年的唐德宗为了这件事，急出病来，先咽了气。公元805年，太子李诵带病即了位，这就是唐顺宗。
唐顺宗不能说话，只好靠原来在东宫伴他读书的官员王叔文、王-来帮他处理朝政。王叔文知道自己声望不够，不便公开掌握朝政大权，另外请一个老资格的官员韦执谊出面做宰相，自己当一名翰林学士，帮助顺宗起草诏书。他和韦执谊、王-里外配合，又起用了刘禹锡、柳宗元等一些有才能的官员，总算把朝政大权抓了过来。
王叔文掌权后，第一件要改革的就是整顿宦官欺压百姓的坏风气。他替唐顺宗下了一道诏书，免了一些苛捐杂税：把宫市、五坊小儿一类欺负百姓的事，统统取缔了。
这个措施一实行，长安百姓没有一个不拍手称快，一些作恶多端的宦官却气歪了脸。
王叔文又把财政权拿了过来，进行了改革。历史上把这件事叫做“永贞革新”（“永贞”是唐顺宗的年号）。
王叔文大刀阔斧进行改革，当然触犯了掌权的宦官。宦官头子俱文珍认为王叔文的权力太大了，用顺宗的名义解除了王叔文翰林学士的职务。
王叔文知道要想跟宦官斗争，还得把他们手里的兵权夺过来。他就派老将范希朝去接管宦官掌握的神策军。但是那些神策军将领大都是宦官的亲信。范希朝去接管人马，一些将领不来理他，只好空手回来了。
不到一个月，俱文珍勾结一批附和他们的老臣，宣布顺宗因为病重不能执政，由太子李纯监国。又隔了一个月，太子正式即位，这就是唐宪宗。
顺宗一下台，俱文珍等一批宦官立刻把王叔文、王-革职，贬谪到外地去。第二年，又把王叔文处死。永贞革新不到一年就全盘失败，那些支持王叔文一起改革的官员也受到了株连。
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