２２０ 《窦娥冤》感天动地
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由于元世祖采取了许多发展生产的措施，元朝初期的社会经济十分繁荣。龙腾小说ltxsba.com但是这种繁荣只使蒙古的王公贵族和地主官僚得到好处。为了满足蒙古贵族过穷奢极欲的生活和军事的需要，元世祖还任用了一批管理财政的大臣，帮助他搜刮财富。这批大臣勾结地方官吏，贪赃枉法，无所不为。
元王朝还实行民族压迫政策，把全国人民划分为四个等级：第一等是蒙古人；第二等叫色目人，也就是西域各族和西夏人；第三等叫汉人，就是原来在金朝统治下的汉人、契丹、女真等族人；第四等叫南人，就是原来在南宋地区的各族人民。四个等级的人政治地位和待遇不同，汉人和南人受到百般歧视。
在残酷的阶级压迫和民族压迫下，各族劳动人民都过着悲惨的日子。贪污横行，冤案多得数也数不清。
元世祖死后，他的孙子铁穆耳即位，就是元成宗。元成宗时期，这种贪赃枉法的情况越来越严重。有一次，查出有贪污行为的官吏一万八千多人，冤案五千多件。
当时，在大都流行着一种戏剧，叫杂剧。一些有正义感的读书人，不满官府的黑暗统治，利用杂剧的形式来揭露官场的罪恶和社会的不平现象。
大都有个读书人叫关汉卿，从小喜爱音乐戏剧，会吹箫弹琴，还会唱歌跳舞。关汉卿在京城太医院当过官，可是他对医术不感兴趣，对编写剧本却特别热心。那时候，演戏的人社会地位很低，关汉卿却跟他们混得挺熟；有时候他自己也上场演出，扮个角色。因为他对音乐戏剧很有研究，所以编出的戏也就格外精采。
在大都，一班贵族和普通百姓都喜欢看戏，关汉卿编的戏剧不是为了光给贵族消闲作乐，而是常常帮百姓说话。他把看到的，听到的人民的悲惨遭遇，写进他的剧本里。《感天动地窦娥冤》（也叫《窦娥冤》），就是他的杰出的代表作品。
《窦娥冤》的主要人物是楚州地方一个贫苦女子窦娥。窦娥从小死了母亲，她父亲窦天章还不起债，又因为上京赶考，缺少盘费，把她卖给孤苦的蔡婆婆家做童养媳。到蔡家没两年，丈夫就害病死了，只剩了窦娥和她婆婆两人相依为命地过日子。
楚州有个流氓叫张驴儿，欺负蔡家婆媳无依无靠，跟他父亲张老儿一起，赖在蔡家，逼迫蔡婆婆嫁给张老儿。蔡婆婆软弱怕事，勉强答应了。张驴儿又胁迫窦娥跟他成亲，窦娥坚决拒绝，还把张驴儿痛骂了一顿。
张驴儿怀恨在心。过几天，蔡婆婆害病，要窦娥做羊肚汤给她吃。张驴儿偷偷地在汤里下了毒药，想先毒死蔡婆婆，再逼窦娥成亲。窦娥把羊肚汤端给蔡婆婆喝。蔡婆婆接过碗，忽然要呕吐，不想喝，让给张老儿喝了。张老儿中了毒，在地上翻滚了几下，就咽了气。
张驴儿毒死了自己父亲，把杀人的罪名，栽到窦娥身上，告到楚州衙门。
楚州知府桃杌（音wu）是个贪赃枉法的贪官，背地里被张驴儿用钱买通了，把窦娥抓到公堂讯问，逼她招认是她下的毒。窦娥受尽了百般拷打，痛得死去活来，还是不肯承认。
桃杌知道窦娥待她婆婆很孝顺，就当着窦娥的面要拷打蔡婆婆。窦娥想到婆婆年纪老，受不起这个酷刑，只好含冤招了供。
贪官桃杌把窦娥屈打成招，定了死罪，把她押到刑场去处死。窦娥眼看没有申冤的地方，她满腔悲愤地咒骂天地：“地也，你不分好歹何为地？天也，你错勘贤愚枉为天！”在临刑的时候，她又向天发出三桩誓愿：一要刀过头落，一腔热血全溅在白练上；二要天降大雪，遮盖她的尸体；三要让楚州大旱三年。窦娥的誓愿居然感动了天地。那时候，正是六月大伏天气，窦娥被杀之后，一霎时天昏地暗，大雪纷飞；接下来，楚州地方大旱了三年。后来，窦娥的父亲窦天章在京城做官，窦娥的冤案得到平反昭雪，杀人凶手张驴儿被处死刑，贪官桃杌也得到应有的惩罚。
这个戏剧所写的未必是真人真事，六月飞雪，更是一种神话式的想象。但是它反映了在封建统治下，无数含冤受苦的百姓申冤报仇的强烈愿望。所以，千百年来，这出戏一直受到人们的喜爱赞赏，关汉卿也成为人民称颂的戏剧家。
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