２２５ 胡维庸案件
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明太祖是农家出身的，对农民生活多少有点了解。更多小说ltxsba.com他即位以后，也注意实行休养生息的政策。他告诫地方官员说：“现在天下刚刚安定，百姓财力困乏，好像初飞的鸟，不能拔它的毛；新种的树，不能摇它的根。”他要官员们廉洁守法，不能贪赃枉法，加重人民负担。以后，他又招集流亡农民，开垦荒地，免除三年的劳役和赋税；要各地驻军屯田垦荒，做到粮食自给。他还兴修水利，奖励植棉种麻。所以，明朝初年的农业生产有了很明显的发展。新建立的明王朝统治也巩固下来。
但是明太祖总不放心那些帮助他开国的功臣。他设立一个叫做“锦衣卫”的特务机构，专门监视、侦察大臣的活动。大臣在外面或者家里有什么动静，他都打听得一清二楚。谁被发现有什么嫌疑，就有被打进牢狱甚至杀头的危险。
明太祖对待官员极其严酷，大臣上朝的时候惹他发了火，就在朝廷上被按在地上打板子，叫做“廷杖”，也有被当场打死的。这种做法弄得一些大臣们个个提心吊胆，每天上朝的时候，都愁眉苦脸地向家里亲人告别。如果这一天平安无事，回到家里，亲人就高高兴兴庆幸他又活了一天。
公元1380年，丞相胡维庸被告发叛国谋反，明太祖立刻把胡维庸满门抄斩，还追究他的同党。这一追究，竟株连文武官员一万五千多人。明太祖一发狠心，把那些有胡党嫌疑的人全杀了。
学士宋濂，是明朝开国初期跟刘基一起受明太祖重用过的；后来，又当过太子的老师。宋濂为人谨慎小心，但是明太祖对他也并不放心。有一次，宋濂在家里请几个朋友喝酒。第二天上朝，明太宗问他昨天喝过酒没有，请了哪些客人，备了哪些菜。宋濂一一照实回答。明太祖笑着说：“你没欺骗我。”原来，那天宋濂家请客的时候，明太祖已暗暗派人去监视了。后来，明太祖在朝廷上称赞宋濂说：“宋濂伺候我十九年，从没说过一句谎言，也没说过别人一句坏话，真是个贤人啊！”宋濂六十八岁那年告老回乡，明太祖还送他一幅锦缎，说：
“留着它，再过三十二年，做件百岁衣吧！”
胡维庸案件发生后，宋濂的孙子宋慎也被揭发是胡党，于是株连到宋濂。明太祖派锦衣卫把宋濂从金华老家抓到京城，要把他处死。
这件事让马皇后知道了。马皇后劝明太祖说：“老百姓家为孩子请个老师，尚且恭恭敬敬，好来好去，何况是皇帝家的老师呢。再说，宋先生一向住在乡下，他孙子的事他怎么会知道？”
明太祖正在火头上，不肯饶恕宋濂。当天，马皇后陪明太祖吃饭。她呆呆地坐在桌边，不沾酒，也不吃肉。明太祖感到奇怪，问她是不是身子不舒服。马皇后难过地说：“宋先生犯了死罪，我心里十分难受，在为宋先生祈福呢。”
马皇后是跟太祖年青时候共过患难的夫妻，明太祖平时对她比较尊重，听她这一说，也有点感动，才下令赦免宋濂死罪，改罚充军茂州（今四川茂县）七十多岁的宋濂，禁不起这场惊怕，再加上路上劳累，没到茂州就死了。
过了十年，又有人告发李善长和胡维庸往来密切，明知胡维庸谋反不检举揭发，采取观望态度，犯了大逆不道的罪。李善长是第一号开国功臣，又是明太祖的亲家。明太祖大封功臣的时候，曾经赐给李善长两道免死铁券。这一年，李善长已经七十七岁了，可是明太祖一翻脸，把李善长和他的全家七十几口全部处死。
接着，又一次追查胡党，处死了一万五千多人。
自从胡维庸案件发生以后，明太祖觉得把军政大权交给大臣不放心，就取消了丞相职位，由皇帝直接管辖吏部、户部、礼部、兵部、刑部、工部六个部的尚书（官名，部的长官）；又把掌握军权的大都督府废了，改设左、右、中、前、后五个都督府，分别训练兵士，需要打仗的时候，由皇帝直接发布命令。这样一来，明朝皇帝的权力就大大集中了。
事情并没到这里结束。过了三年，锦衣卫又告发大将蓝玉谋反。明太祖杀了蓝玉，追查同谋，又有文武官员一万五千多人受株连被杀。
这两件大案，几乎把朝廷一些功臣一扫而空，明太祖的专制和残暴在历史上也就出了名。
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