２４６ 卢象昇战死巨鹿
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当李自成等十八人正在商洛山区休整的时候，明朝东北边境的形势越来越紧张。龙腾小说ltxsba.com自从熊廷弼、袁崇焕被冤杀以后，明朝在东北没有得力将材。后金军曾一再派兵进关，掠杀人口和牲畜。公元1638年，清太宗派亲王多尔衮（音gun）等率领大军第四次远征。清军直达北京外围，京城形势危急。明王朝内部意见分歧，有的主张抵抗，有的主张讲和。崇祯帝也拿不定主意，一面号召全国兵马援救京师：一面又让兵部尚书杨嗣昌和宦官高起潜秘密派人去东北找清朝试探求和。他听说总督宣府大同地区军事的卢象-是个将材，就把卢象-召到京城，命令他总督全国援兵。
卢象-到了北京，崇祯帝立刻召见，问他该怎样对付清军进攻。卢象-早就听说朝廷正在秘密议和，他直截了当对崇祯帝说：“陛下要臣督师，臣只知道打仗，不知道别的。”
崇祯帝听得话里有刺，很不高兴地说：“议和是一些大臣的议论。朝廷从没讲过要和。”他要卢象-跟杨嗣昌去商量对付清军的办法。
杨嗣昌对卢象-阻挠他的和议，心里恼恨，让高起潜担任总监，把各路来的四万援兵分成两半，一半由高起潜指挥。
这样，卢象-名义上是统帅，实际上只掌管两万兵马。
清军分八路进军，长驱直入。一路打到高阳，原来支持袁崇焕的兵部尚书孙承宗已经告老在家，听到清军打来，带领全家十几口上城抵抗。高阳城被清兵攻破，孙承宗全家都壮烈牺牲。
卢象-带兵开到保定，正在抵抗清兵，崇祯帝却听信杨嗣昌的诬告，责备卢象-指挥不当，撤了他的职，要他戴罪立功。杨嗣昌还把卢象-仅有的二万人马又分出一半给别的将领管辖。卢象-到了巨鹿，兵力只留下五千。那时候，高起潜带领的人马就驻在离巨鹿只有五十里的地方，卢象-派人向高起潜求援，却遭到高起潜的拒绝。
卢象-孤军作战，十分困难，由于杨嗣昌的破坏，粮饷也接济不上，将士们饿得发慌。一天早晨，卢象-走出营门，向四周将士作揖说：“我们受国家的恩，只怕不能为国牺牲，不要怕活不了。”将士们听了，个个感动得掉泪。
卢象-把五千残兵分成三路，命令将军虎大威、杨国柱分别率领左右军，他自己带领中军，和清兵激战了一阵，杀退了一批清兵。
到了那天半夜，明营四周响起了-篥（音bili古代一种管乐器）声，几万清军骑兵把明军围得水泄不通。虎大威带兵突围，被清兵压了回来。卢象-大声喊道：“虎将军，我们为国尽忠的时刻到了！”
将士们齐声响应，喊杀声震天动地，战斗从早上一直到晚上，卢象-身上中了四箭，受了三处刀伤，杀得像血人儿一样。他还拼命格斗，杀了十几名清兵，终于倒下。
高起潜没等卢象-那边战斗结束，早就拔营逃走。多尔衮率领清军一直打到山东济南，带了大批战利品，才撤回关外。
清太宗几次伐明，每天都打了胜仗，但没有在中原立足，主要是宁远、锦州等关外重镇还在明军手里，怕孤军深入，后路有被切断的危险。在第四次退兵以后，清太宗才决心先攻锦州。
公元1641年，清军围攻锦州，崇祯帝派蓟辽总督洪承畴，带领十三万人马援救锦州。明军才到松山，清太宗又亲自率领大军包围松山，断绝明军的粮道。到了第二年，松山城被攻破，洪承畴被俘，锦州守将听到松山失陷，也投降了。
洪承畴被押解到了盛京，清太宗派人劝降。一开始，洪承畴表现得很坚决，不管怎么劝说，他都不答理。过了几天，清太宗亲自去看望，还向洪承畴问寒问暖，把自己的貂皮大氅解下，披在他的身上。洪承畴腿一软，跪下投降了。
清太宗收服了洪承畴，十分高兴，赏了金银财宝不算，还演戏奏乐，表示庆贺。清军将领对太宗这样重视洪承畴，想不通，清太宗对将领们说：“大家风里来雨里去，天天打仗，为的是什么？”
将领们说：“还不是为了想夺取中原？”
清太宗笑着说：“我们要进中原，好比瞎子走路，现在找到个带路人，我怎么不高兴。”
松锦大战以后，山海关以北，全被清军控制。清兵要进中原，只差宁远和山海关大门了。正当清太宗雄心勃勃，想攻打山海关的时候，他突然得病死去。他的年才六岁的儿子福临即位，这就是清世祖，又称顺治帝。顺治帝年幼，由他的叔父、亲王多尔衮和济尔哈朗辅政。几乎在同一个时候，关内的形势发生了急转直下的变化。
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