后记
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《上下五千年》自1979年初版问世以后，在社会上产生如此广泛的影响，这是我始料所不及的。龙腾小说ltxsba.com这部书原来是为少年儿童写的，后来知道在读者中，不仅有大量青年学生、职工，还有相当一部分老人。1984年六月在香港举办的“上海书展”上，我亲自接触到许多香港青年竞买这部书、热情要求签名的情景。我还知道有一些老人，买了《上下五千年》寄给他们侨居国外的子女，为的是让下一代多了解一些祖国、民族的历史，身居异国，不忘根本。
上下五千年，英雄万万千。中华民族向来以勤劳、勇敢、智慧著称于世。我们的祖先们，创造了灿烂的民族文化；我们民族的优秀代表——许多杰出的思想家、政治家、军事家、文学家、科学家、艺术家，不少民族英雄、起义领袖，都以他们的业绩和成就，为民族的历史画卷增添了光彩。重温五千年历史，的确使我们每个炎黄子孙感到自豪。我想，我们的读者正是抱着这样的深厚感情，喜爱这部书的。当然，学习历史，不仅仅是怀恋过去，重要的是创造未来，发扬我们源远流长的爱国主义传统，激励我们振兴中华、建设社会主义四个现代化的强国的志气。
把历史知识故事化，首先是历史，其次才是故事。宁肯使故事性弱一点，也不虚构情节，敷演成文。这是编写这部书遵循的一条原则。当然，在忠于史实和照顾历史系统性的前提下，采用什么史料，从什么角度去反映历史人物的活动；取什么，舍什么，哪些详，哪些略，作者有很大的选择余地。例如写明代东林党和阉党的斗争，没有写这场斗争前期的所谓“争国本”、“三案”一类官闱琐事和官僚集团之间的无谓纷争，而直接采用了方苞《左忠毅公逸事》和张溥《五人墓碑记》的材料。这未必能反映这一历史事件的全貌或本质，但我认为这两则故事是很感人的。如果说作者在选择材料上有什么倾向的话，那就是着重发扬中华民族的传统美德，特别是一种为正义事业的献身精神，一种“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”的英雄气概。
历史是不可能重复的，但历史又是一面镜子，这似乎是古往今来都承认的道理。在这部书所收集的故事中，读者不难找到一些有借鉴作用的东西；在一些优秀的历史人物身上，我们也可以我到某些思想品格和道德情操，至今仍有一定教育意义。但正如我在《前言》中说过，我们不能凭一则故事对历史人物作全面的反映。对一些优秀历史人物，主要写他们积极的一面（对这一面，只根据史料叙述，不作虚美描写，也不把人物拔高），但并不是说他们没有消极的一面。任何杰出的历史人物，都有他们的缺点或错误。例如古代的爱国将领、民族英雄和坚持改革的政治家，他们的爱国的正义活动，几乎都羼杂着封建的忠君思想。我们不能超越历史条件苛求古人，也不能离开历史条件盲目崇拜古人。
尽管我读过一些史籍，对历史有比较浓厚的兴趣，但毕竟缺乏系统的研究。在这部书的整理和编著过程中，我花了较多时间查阅史料，但由于手头资料不足以及时间上的原因，不免有疏漏的地方。初版问世以后，许多读者除对本书给予热情的支持和鼓励外，有的还提出了宝贵的意见，为本书的修订工作提供了很大帮助。借这次修订版出版的机会，我谨向热情支持这部书的编辑、专家和读者致以最诚挚的谢意。
曹余章
1984年除夕
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