第一百五十八节 神经病一样
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研究第一二次鴉片战争的人往往会感觉到咸丰皇帝有时候像神经不样,好像人格分裂,时而强硬,时而软弱,最后还逃跑了。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com
事实上咸丰代表的并不是一个人,他所有的决策,都是经过大臣合议的,他表现出来的精神分裂,其实是满清朝廷的精神分裂。
始终有一批人在怂恿皇帝要开战,这些人往往都是御史言官,既没有执政经验,也没有外交经验,更没有军事经验,但是一个个出口成章。
至少有两个御史,一个是薛淑堂,战前告诉皇帝,和有十害,战有五利,比如说洋人劳师远征,万里裹粮,官军则以逸待劳就地就食;洋人中的真夷人少,假夷人多,还雇佣了一些潮涌香港苦力,而官军十万之众投鞭断流;还说夷人就是船坚炮利,一旦上岸,不可能是八旗铁骑的对手。
其实这段时间,一直在办外交的老大臣桂良始终在劝和,劝说皇帝让洋人进京谈判,皇帝斥责说在sh都谈不好,还敢放洋人进京,洋人坚持进京肯定别有图谋。
洋人打下大沽口,僧格林沁退守通州之后,洋人坚持要占领塘沽和tj否则之前绝对不停止军事行动,僧格林沁已经向皇帝建言,让他巡狩木兰围场。结果咸丰让人准备车辆,引起了bj富人恐慌集体逃亡。不得已咸丰贴出告示,表示他不是要巡狩,正打仗呢,他只有亲征的份儿,哪有巡狩的心情。
大臣当然反对咸丰亲征,咸丰自己也没这个胆子。
怕洋人进了tj还要进bj咸丰催促桂良等钦差,急赶慢赶赶去tj就在tj谈判,目的是堵左人进京的口实。
可就在这时候,依然有人给皇帝出馊主意。
工科给事中何璟上书:夷人一直叫唤着要带兵进京,真叫他们带兵进京,他们敢来吗?不必阻其前来,让僧王在路上设伏,没经咱同意,真来了,咱就打他们。若经桂良同意来了,也可以让僧王在路上截杀他们。
桂良不能失信,但是僧王负有领兵守土之责,他可以不讲信用,半路截杀啊。遥想战国年代,楚襄王遣子良割地于齐,而使昭常守之。齐使至受地,昭常以守土自任,矫楚王之命以拒齐。夫大将在外,有可以安国家利社稷者,可以不听中央指挥瞎干嘛,弱小的诸候国都敢这样干,何况咱天朝乎?
中国历史太长了,长到有各种各样自相矛盾的历史依据,而且还都能得到认可,有忠诚良将会被歌颂,有乱臣贼子也会被歌颂,这种自相矛盾的典故积累的多了,慢慢也就没有绝对的对错,也就没有原则了。
这种不守信也能找出一大堆理由,但同样的,信守诺言的典故也是汗牛充栋,关键就在于当事人想守信还是想违约。
总之何景一番大道理说的天花乱坠,皇帝还真信了。原来这个皇帝不是人格分裂,不是精神失常,而是没有主见,太容易人云亦云了。
另外执政能力确实太差,找大人商议没错,可问题是该找谁商议,商议外交事务,不找桂良这样的懂行的,竟听一些书生的言论,不死才怪。
此时桂良在tj使出了拖字诀,英法两国提出任何要求,他最后都推诿到他没有权限,得让皇帝定夺,结果英法郁闷了,问他不是全权代表吗,桂良说他代表不来,结果两国不跟桂良谈了,要继续往通州去。
僧格林沁在通州主持,英国人此时以为把清廷吓住了,公使普鲁斯态度蛮横,结果跟僧格林沁谈的不对付,拍桌子就走了,这让僧格林沁觉得很没面子,这个蒙古亲王可不是柏贵,从小大到横行惯了,从来是他拍别人的桌子,还没被人拍过桌子呢,这一恼火,就想到皇帝让他捉拿公使的话,他真的派兵把公使普鲁斯,翻译威妥玛以及一些记者之类的人全都抓了起来。
他不知道他的行为在西方外交观念中有多么恶劣,付出的代价是最后皇帝家的圆明园被烧了。
此时在明城,朱敬伦的大军已经围城半个多月了,这小城还真是坚固,轰了半个月才终于被轰破,三面合围,围三阙一,从北门主攻,倒是轻易就攻进了城内,可却发现客家团勇竟然跟他们打起了巷战。
巷战是最残酷,但也是最锻炼人的。
最关键的是朱敬伦没有退路,在土客械斗中,他必须始终表现出一种强硬和坚决的态度,坚jue维护乡约,甚至是不惜任何代价的去维护乡约,这样才能让大家都信乡约,才能让大家觉得这个东西是保护他们的玩意,最后才会遵守他,械斗才真正能平息下来。
瑞典顾问团不断的制定战术,他们也没有遇到过这种状况,欧洲这个时代的战争,带着一种傻乎乎的骑士作风,就是排成一排大家相互排队枪毙,往往都是在野战,很少发生这种城市巷战。
所以欧洲人的战术始终都显得很笨拙,欧洲战争史中很少有那种出奇制胜的案例,即便是以少胜多的案例,也都是靠着勇气,而不是靠着智谋或者壬。
但智谋更像是赌博,靠勇气作战,才是正路。兵书也说以正合以奇胜,大军作战大多数还是讲一个堂堂正正的。只是文人太缺仿气了,所以总想用最小的代价,取得最大的胜利,其实不过是小聪明,最后往往会聪明反被聪明误。
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