第七百三十三节 大明的应对
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朱敬伦点点头：“可以试一试，我们跟德国没有利益冲突，远交近攻的道理放在现在依然适用。”
徐荣村对德国的试探很不成功，因为德国向大明提出了一个要求，希望大明能够支持德国在萨摩亚建立殖民地。
于是英国依然是一个纺织品大国，德国进口他们的煤化工原料，加工成化学染料，大幅度向英国出口，甚至打击了英国在印度的靛蓝种植业，化学染料让植物染料变得昂贵，殖民地经济都受到了德国的冲击。
英国人不是看不到这一点坏处，但他们已经旗鼓南下了，坚持自由贸易舆论半个世纪，他们忽悠的自己都信了。舆论上，英国人依然认为是自由贸易铸就了英国的辉煌，现实中则是自由贸易的利益集团压到了工业利益集团。
英国是最成熟的资本主义制度，有成熟的现代政治结构，现代政治最大的特征是，利益集团的组织化，各种利益团体都有为自己服务的组织，下到商会、工会，上到党派，都组成了一个个不同利益的组织。
随着美德工业化，英国近十年来，对外贸易长期逆差，但想提高关税，肯定会受到强大的阻力，因为他们的逆差，可以通过为自由贸易服务的航运业、金融业得到弥补，他们的贸易逆差大概是1亿英镑，可是航运和金融保险等服务却能得到1.5亿的盈余，所以英国人依然认为自由贸易对他们是有利的。
反应在政治上，就是金融和航运利益集团，压到了工业利益集团，而金融、航运和纺织业，也就成了大英帝国自重要的三大利益集团，垄断了英国政治，享有一定的特权，英国经济过分的维持这几个传统工业部门，而不是利用新技术优势走出困境的特点，严重地影响它对外贸易的均衡。
除了这三大产业的弥补之外，英国则是通过压榨殖民地，和向其他落后国家转嫁逆差，来实现平衡。一方面是在印度进行更大程度的压榨，另一方面则是从清朝这样的老旧帝国，攫取更多的特权，甚至贩卖片。
大明不是印度，也不是满清，这几年随着工业家的崛起，他们开始制造舆论呼吁政府提高关税，保护国内企业，他们用的是美德那一套理论对抗英国的自由贸易理论。
而赫德始终没有提高纺织品等几项英国商品的关税，于是民间对他越来越不满了，甚至将他称作汉奸的声音都很多。
赫德认为，提高纺织品等关税，无助于维持明英两国的外交关系，而民间认为就是因为赫德是一个英国人，所以侵害大明的利益而照顾英国，这是卖国行为。
之前还能坚持，但经济危机到来后，赫德知道他会受到更多的压力，主动要求提高英国产品的关税，来证明自己为大明服务的立场。
但是他不打算损害大明跟英国的关系，于是请示朱敬伦，采取跟英国谈判的方式。
朱敬伦同意了。
最终赫德跟英国达成协议，大明对英国纺织品之前一直维持15%的税率，其实也是低税率，远远比不上美国50%以上的税率，这根本就挡不住英国商品的进口。
大明最重要的清纺织品是棉纱和粗布，棉纱也是英国最重要的出口商品，而且随着印度铁路网跟大明的连通，印度棉纱工业开始高涨。
经过赫德跟英国的谈判，英国同意大明提高成品布的关税到30%，但是不肯答应大明提高棉纱的关税。rw
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