第七十三章 挽救崩溃的财政
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“李爱卿继续说,继续说。”
李纲决定找个机会把他赶出朝廷。现在非常时期,不允许有更多的反对声音,尤其是台谏。
“免役法的蜕变也是触目惊心。”
免役法是王安石的变法内容之一,就是将差役改为雇役的役法。本朝建国之初就有人深感“害农之弊,无甚差役之法”,要求改革。熙宁四年,制定免役法。其法规定,民户不再服原“衙前”等役,改为按户分等定下同数额,随同夏秋两税缴免役钱,穷苦下户免缴。官府雇人充役,按照执役的轻重给酬。说白了,就是用钱来代替徭役。王安石罢相,免役法废止。
“蔡京主政后,免役法得到恢复。最初只是按照哲宗皇帝绍圣时的原样施行,后来各种名目的免役钱便不断增加,而官户和上等民户缴纳的役钱则有所减少。一些地区由于免役钱名目的增加而使缴纳数额大增。比如巩州,在神宗皇帝元丰年间所纳役钱仅为四百贯,到了蔡京主政时期的政和元年,增加到了两万九千余贯,整整增加了七十多倍,由此可见免役法的蜕变对百姓的伤害之深。”
这个提议得到了一致响应。
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李纲‘精’神大振,再接再厉,说到了川蜀‘交’子。
“自仁宗皇帝至神宗皇帝数十年间,‘交’子一直比较稳定。哲宗皇帝元?年间,‘交’子价值有所贬损,一贯‘交’子止卖九百以上,即贬值一成。”
“蔡京主政后,为解决财政危机,大量增发‘交’子,并改称为钱引,试图推行到各路。”
“崇宁四年,一次发行钱引两千六百五十余万贯,当年又增造五百四十万贯。大观元年,再此增加五百五十四万贯,比自仁宗皇帝天圣元年以来长期稳定的发行额一百二十五余万贯多出近三十倍。钱引因此贬值了七成以上,许多大商人乘机投机牟利,普通民户深受其害。”
“纸币的大幅度贬值,完全是蔡京聚敛财富的政策造成的,让朝廷威信尽失,更给了川蜀以沉重一击。”
川蜀的地位对今日的朝廷来说,至关重要,直接关系到中兴大业,所以李
纲建议,即刻下旨,在川蜀重新实行‘交’子,废止“钱引”。
这个奏议再次得到响应,皇帝马上下旨,由川蜀四路转运使范直昌负责此事,务必在最短时间内重振川蜀经济。
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注释:
‘交’子:
‘交’子是世界最早使用的纸币,发行于北宋1023年的四川成都。
最初的‘交’子实际上是一种存款凭证。北宋初年,四川成都出现了为不便携带巨款的商人经营现金保管业务的“‘交’子铺户”。存款人把现金‘交’付给铺户,铺户把存款数额填写在用楮纸制作的纸卷上,再‘交’还存款人,并收取一定保管费。这种临时填写存款金额的楮纸券便谓之‘交’子。
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钱引:
宋徽宗大观元年,宋朝政fǔ改“‘交’子”为“钱引”,改“‘交’子务”为“钱引务”。除四川、福建、浙江、湖广等地仍沿用“‘交’子”外,其它诸路均改用“钱引”。后四川也于大观三年改‘交’子为钱引。“钱引”与“‘交’子”的最大区别,是它以“缗”为单位。“钱引”的纸张、印刷、图画和印鉴都很‘精’良。但“钱引”不置钞本,不许兑换,随意增发,因此纸券价值大跌,到南宋嘉定时期,每缗只值现钱一百文。
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