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为何一再上演“大败局”中国古代有这样一个故事:
临近黄河岸边有一片村庄,为了防止水患,农民们筑起了巍峨的长堤。更多小说ltxsba.com一天,有个老农偶尔发现蚂蚁窝一下子猛增了许多。老农心想:这些蚂蚁窝究竟会不会影响长堤的安全呢?他要回村去报告,路上遇见了他的儿子。老农的儿子听后不以为然地说:那么坚固的长堤,还害怕几只小小蚂蚁吗?随即拉着老农一起下田了。当天晚上风雨交加,黄河水暴涨。咆哮的河水从蚂蚁窝始而渗透,继而喷射,终于冲决长堤,淹没了沿岸的大片村庄和田野。
这就是“千里之堤,溃于蚁穴”这句成语的来历。
企业中的各种“小问题”其实就是企业管理中的一个个小的蚁穴。
比尔·盖茨常常说,微软距离破产永远只有18个月。从企业需要强调和重视管理细节的角度,我觉得企业稍大一点就存在此类风险。韩国的大宇700亿美元不能说不大,但说倒闭也就倒闭了。因为企业大,所以小事没有人做;因为事情不大,所以小事做不透。我愿意把工作中小事的失误比作一只有危害的老鼠,老鼠多了,破坏力巨大。中国的老鼠数量据说是人口的3倍,1990年的数据:吃掉的粮食30亿公斤,咬毁300万亩森林和3亿亩草原,咬伤至少10万人;在东海让海军的舰载导弹发射失灵,在大瑶山让列车改道颠覆,在句容县咬死3个婴儿,在新沂县又咬死3个婴儿。我们工作中一系列的麻烦频频出现,一连串的失误势必在某一天酿成大祸。
中国改革开放以来,涌现出多少先富起来的风云人物,多少企业辉煌一时,又在企业界演绎了多少“大败局”的故事:秦池、爱多、飞龙、巨人、三株、太阳神、南德、亚细亚、冠生园、银广厦、烧鹅仔、荣华鸡、红高粱……
为什么有如此多的悲剧在企业界中上演呢?看看那些企业当年的发展速度和规模,哪家不是“千里之堤”,倒下之时,不过三、五个月。三株,曾在短短的三年时间里,销售额提高了64倍,达到80亿元,打造出了无比辉煌的保健品帝国,销售网络遍布全国,而且触角直达各地村镇。总裁吴炳新曾自豪地说:“中国第一大网络是邮政网,第二大网络就是三株网。”但是一个常德事件,一篇“八瓶三株口服液喝死一条老汉”的报道,便使拥有15万员工的三株这座庞然大物轰然倒下,难得的企业管理帅才吴炳新大病了一场,且收到了医院的病危通知书,同时也使企业界多少人为之长嗟短叹,唏嘘不已。
三株垮掉,追溯起来,是多方面的。近年来,各类评论也是仁者见仁,智者见智。三株曾不止一次地发誓,要在20世纪内将人类的寿命延长10年,可自己的寿命不过六七年,一次性的打击使其直接经济损失就高达40亿元。笔者愿意就大企业抓小事来放两响马后炮:一是庞大的营销队伍日常管理纪律执行不严,财务监控不力,以至于企业遭到危机时,各级营销人员纷纷携款而去;二是企业在顺境时借助媒体非常顺手,而在逆境时,没有对待突发事件的应急预案。
当然,三株的缺失远远不止以上两条,还是让我们听听当事人的说法吧。
1997年,吴炳新在三株年终大会上,总结了三株的“十五大失误”:
1)市场管理体制出现了严重的不适应,集权与分权的关系没处理好;
2)经营体制未能完全理顺;
3)大企业的“恐龙症”严重,机构臃肿,部门林立,程序复杂,官僚主义严重,信息流通不畅,反应迟钝;
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