第6节：前言(6)
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国际关系的非零和性将随着国家间联系的增多而增强。龙腾小说ltxsba.com过去这种非零和性表现为二战后法德和解及由此推动的西欧联合，也表现为冷战没有升级为热战而是以非战争方式结束等重大事变和连锁反应，但仅有这些还不够，未来国际关系进化的空间也许更大，国家也将具有更多的选择余地。这一点连吉尔平也承认：“尽管总受到限制，但选择永远存在。历史经验有助于教我们这些选择是什么以及可能带来什么结果。在这个意义上，可以说学习过程可以出现并将影响到国际关系的进程。”
中华民族的复兴以及伴随而来的中国与国际体系关系的深刻调整，是一个长期而复杂的过程，在当前及未来较长的一段时间里，中国的战略哲学思考至少应着眼于解决以下重大战略难题：第一，突破一个多世纪以来，后进的大国难以现代化的困惑，摆脱国际体系惯性对中国崛起有形和无形的束缚，处理好融入全球政治经济进程与保持必须的自主性之间的矛盾；第二，尽快认识、适应和充分运用冷战后国际关系的变化，超越传统权力政治的种种局限，推动对外关系平衡协调地发展；第三，增强中国社会自身持续发展和进步的能力，并以此作为参与世界和影响世界的基础。这些问题相辅相成、相互联系，甚至互为条件、互为支撑。
尽管实力增长较快，但是中国在较长时期里仍将处于弱势地位，中国尤其在现有国际体系中缺少结构性资源，也即在体系中仍处于相对下游的位置，对世界政治进程的影响能力还比较有限。由此决定中国对国家利益的追求不能采取过于直接的战略途径，需要开发更广泛的战略资源和更广阔的回旋空间、经过曲折的道路和较长时期的努力才可以达到。因此，在国际体系中，我国较长时期的角色选择似应做一个积极而自主的参与者，其中包括妥善处理与整个国际体系，也包括与占主导地位的西方世界以及美国当前这唯一的超级大国的关系。
另外，多维的世界需要用多维的视角来认识，在总体上保持积极而自主的参与者角色的同时，应保持角色适度的适应能力和必要的灵活性。对于具体问题和在具体领域，则应根据具体的情况和条件有所区别，采取不尽相同的姿态和处置方式，不能死守某一种思维和行为模式，不同的手段和途径只有相互配合，相互借助，才能取得好的效果。对待外部强权也是一样，一味采取对抗的姿态不可取，而一味屈从追随也不可行，需要发挥力量时就要有足够的决心，而应该妥协时就要及时适度后退。
当初面对帝国主义的侵略，毛泽东是如此精炼而又深刻地概括了中华民族的特征：“我们中华民族有同自己的敌人血战到底的气概，有在自力更生的基础上光复旧物的决心，有自立于世界民族之林的能力。”今天中国面临的问题已经大大不同于那个时候了，但是我们赖以存在的民族特性和战略智慧应该发扬光大，以此为基础，推动社会创新，持更宽阔的胸襟走向世界。若如此，中国的未来和对世界的贡献都将不可限量。
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