第41节：第二章 西班牙(17)
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打击穆斯林
当查理在为帝国奔忙的时候，基督教的“老朋友”伊斯兰教又在欧洲东部方向威胁着欧洲诸国。更多小说ltxsba.com神圣罗马帝国皇帝是基督教反对伊斯兰教的天然保护人，查理的先辈伊莎贝拉女王光复整个西班牙的辉煌也促使他具有这种使命感。然而这时的奥斯曼土耳其在其历史上最伟大的苏丹苏莱曼的统治下国力强盛，横跨亚、非、欧，是当时世界上最强大的国家之一。他们的行政管理是当时世界上最好的行政管理之一，他们还拥有让欧洲许多国家羡慕的财政平衡。他们的军队训练有素，装备精良。这样的一个强国，欧洲各大国都在避其锋芒。只有查理五世怀有击败异端的宗教热情，想要打败苏莱曼。轻率的企图产生了荒谬的行动。1526年，土耳其军队在莫哈奇大败查理五世的军队。1529年，维也纳受到围攻。
查理五世也不是没有胜利过。1534年，突尼斯哈夫斯王朝发生内乱，苏丹穆莱?哈桑被著名的“红胡子”巴巴洛萨就是红胡子的意思，赫尔丁是当时地中海上富有传奇色彩的海盗。他投靠土耳其政府后，经常骚扰西班牙海岸，是查理五世的心腹之患。海盗巴巴洛萨?赫尔丁废黜。哈桑向查理五世表示要做永久的附庸。查理五世决定抓住这个机会打击土耳其的势力。1535年，他在巴塞罗那集结了300艘战船，亲自登上一艘有80面金色船帆的大船，御驾亲征。3万人在迦太基废墟附近登陆，攻下了古莱特要塞，恢复了哈桑在突尼斯的统治。红胡子海盗逃往阿尔及尔。哈桑向查理称臣纳贡，并释放了2万名基督徒奴隶。查理凯旋而回，在意大利南部城市巴勒莫、墨西拿和那不勒斯停留时，居民热烈欢迎这位“在非洲和亚洲的欧洲捍卫者”，入城时在一些旗上写着“从旭日东升直到夕阳西下”，这应该就是指他的国土广袤，可能也是后世日不落帝国说法的起源。查理这次胜利的一个后果就是法国与土耳其结盟，他不得不陷入两线作战的境地。
1541年，受这次胜利的影响，为了赢得地中海的优势，查理率260艘船讨伐阿尔及尔。无奈天公不作美，有100艘船在路上因为暴风雨而损失,还有14艘船触礁。在好不容易登陆后，倾盆大雨又让他们陷入泥泞，面对蜂拥而来的阿拉伯人，只好撤退。查理五世垂头丧气，他打击伊斯兰教的战斗以失败告终。
但战斗并没有停止，双方仍在不断地发生冲突。1569年9月，全欧最大的威尼斯火药厂突然大爆炸，烧毁了火药厂，也使停泊在威尼斯港的舰队损失了4艘舰船。苏莱曼误以为威尼斯舰队已在爆炸中化为灰烬，于是决定进攻威尼斯的塞浦路斯岛。1570年7月，土耳其舰队开始进攻塞浦路斯。面对威胁，威尼斯向所有基督教国家求援，但应者寥寥。唯一的支持者是罗马教皇，他清醒地认识到基督教世界所面临的危险，认为夺得并保持地中海的制海权就可以扼制土耳其向西的扩张。在他的倡导下，地中海沿岸一些国家形成了一个反穆斯林同盟，并组建了一支基督教联合舰队。联合舰队总算拼凑了230余艘军舰，总司令由唐?约翰（唐?胡安）担任，他是查理五世的私生子。此时的约翰年仅26岁，年轻气盛，是一位有丰富作战经验的将领。1571年10月7日，联合舰队将土耳其舰队堵在了位于希腊勒班陀的佩雷特湾。清晨，土耳其舰队突围，联合舰队只有190艘船赶了上来。双方展开激战。由于联合舰队的火力猛，装甲厚，士兵普遍装备了火绳枪，强于土耳其士兵装备的弓箭，再加上唐?胡安的正确指挥，最终土耳其舰队大败。此战，联合舰队共击沉土军战舰113艘，俘获117艘，缴获火炮274门，击毙土军3万余人，俘虏8000余人，土军主帅战死。联合舰队只损失了12艘战舰，被俘1艘，死伤15000余人。根据胡安战前的宣言，联合舰队15000名奴隶划桨手全部获得自由。此战，一个小兵在战斗中胸部和左臂受伤，他就是后来鼎鼎大名的塞万提斯。
六、“黄金漏斗”西班牙
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