译者序
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过去童子时读古文，所读传记文字，都是短篇，如《史记》的《刺客列传》、
《廉颇蔺相如列传》，最长的也不过《项羽本纪》。龙腾小说ltxsba.com唐代传奇如《虬髯客传》、
《长恨歌传》则是小说，去真正史实太远。唐宋以至清代古文的传记文仍是短的散
文。中国传记文章之长至排印成册者，似乎是开始于现代，但为数不多，其最为人
所熟知者，我想是林语堂英文著作的汉译本，即《武则天正传》及
《苏东坡传》。这类文学创作之出现，与过去之历史演义小说
不能说毫无关系，但所受的直接影响，还是来自西方的传记文学，在英文著作中如
jamesboswell的lifeofsamueljohnson，gileslyttonstrachev的queen
victoria，lifeofabrahamlincoln，thelifeofhenrygeorge等皆是。以中
国历史之长、史料之富，写名人传记的背景和基础，可算极为有利。像林语堂先生
这两本名人传记，写的实在好，但可惜我们所拥有的这类书实嫌太少。是否我们的
学者作家能接着再写出些本来？真令人延伫望之。
写传记不比写小说，可任凭想像为驰骋，必须不背乎真实，但又不可缺少想像
力的活动。写小说可说是天马行空，写传记则如驱骅骝、驾战车，纵然须绝尘驰骤，
但不可使套断缰绝、车翻人杳，只剩下想像之马，奔驰于其大无垠的太空之中。所
以写传记要对资料有翔实的考证，对是非善恶有透彻的看法，对资料的剪裁去取，
写景叙事，气氛对白的安排上，全能表现艺术的手法。于是，姚姬传所主张的考据、
义理、词章，乃一不可缺。也就是说，传记作家，要有学者有系统的治学方法，好
从事搜集所需要的资料；要有哲学家的高超智慧的人生观，以便立论时取得一个不
同乎凡俗的观点；要有文学家的艺术技巧与想像力，好赋与作品艺术美与真实感，
使作品超乎干枯的历史之上，而富有充沛的生命与活力。
在《武则天正传》的原序里，林语堂先生曾说明《武则天正传》的写法。我想
其基本道理对这本传记也颇适用。他说：
“我不是把本书当做小说写的……书中的人物、事件、对白，没有不是全根据
唐书写的。不过解释说明之处，则以传记最客观的暗示含蓄为方法。事实虽然是历
史上的，而传记作者则必须叙述上有所选择，有所强调，同时凭藉头脑的想像力而
重新创造，重新说明那活生生的往事。”
以上所说考据、义理、词章三要点，林语堂先生做到了，也是写传记文学的人
必须做到的。
林语堂先生的传记著作，和他的其它文学和学术著作一样，都是用英文写的。
若移植回国，自然有赖于中文翻译。他的ladywu，我曾在十六年前在台湾南部译
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