第20节：处理俘虏的问题
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敌人的哀叹是最好的奖励。“校长”的诅咒又一次提高了林彪的声望，他到处向人们传播蒋介石送给他的这个称号。的确，在第四次反“围剿”作战中，林彪确实可算是一枝独秀。
林彪在这段时期，不仅指挥作战大放异彩，在军事理论上，也曾经大出风头。
埃德加·斯诺《西行漫记》一书可算是一部中共党史的扛鼎之作，但有一段话他却说错了。斯诺在书中是这样写的：
林彪在中国红军的军事刊物《斗争》和《战争与革命》上发表的文章被南京的军事刊物转载，受到他们的研究和评论，在日本和苏俄也是这样。他以短促突击战创始者著称，冯玉祥将军曾就这种战术发表过评论。据说一军团的许多胜利都可归因于红军熟练地掌握了短促突击战。
事实上，在中央苏区第五次反“围剿”斗争中，“短促突击”不仅未能使红一军团取得胜利，反而将中央红军拉入覆没的边缘，损失惨重。
1933年初，中共临时中央迁入中央根据地。临时中央负责人博古、洛甫和共产国际派来的军事顾问李德先后到达瑞金，开始对中央根据地发号施令。自此以后，在王明“左”倾冒险主义指导下，中央苏区的形势急转直下，日趋险恶。
博古等人的到来，给林彪带来了一连串不愉快的消息。首先，博古告诉他，他的革命领路人、堂兄林育南因为反对王明，已被开除出党，并于1931年夏被国民党反动派逮捕，惨遭杀害。听到这一噩耗，林彪强忍住内心的悲痛，沉默着没有吱声；其次，毛泽东被剥夺了一切重要职务，大权旁落，并受到党内“左”倾人士的猛烈批判和抨击。
博古带来的消息，使林彪敏锐地感觉到，此时此刻，自己的一言一行、一举一动，无不关系着自己的命运。他比以前更内向、更阴沉，有时整天不说一句话，不理一个人，只是低头钻研战术，指挥战事。
中国工农红军的第五次反“围剿”斗争，从某种意义上说，也是外国人之间智慧的较量，因为国民党军队和工农红军在军事上的实际指挥者都是德国的军事顾问。博古等人不懂军事，把指挥大权拱手送给了李德。李德这个吃惯了牛奶面包的日耳曼人，既不懂中国的地理民情，又不理会毛泽东运用过的已经为实践证明是正确的战略战术，只会死抠军事条例，根据地图指挥打仗，结果把事情越搞越糟。
第五次反“围剿”斗争之初，李德、博古等人将红一军团和红三军团分为两部分作战，提出了“两个拳头打人”的口号。对于这个口号，在后方养病的毛泽东称之为“使一个拳头置于无用，一个拳头打得很疲劳，而且没有取得当时能够取得的最大胜利”。打得很疲劳的拳头是指红三军团。彭德怀痛感一、三军团分开作战的弊病，他抱病写了一首词，表达当时无可奈何的心情：
猛虎扑群羊，硝烟弥漫，人海翻腾，杀声冲霄汉。地动山摇天亦惊，疟疾立消遁。狼奔豕突，尘埃冲天。大哥未到，让尔逃生。
彭德怀词中说的“大哥”，是指红一军团。林彪带领的红一军团坐守防御，供给困难。当一、三军团汇合时，林彪碰见黄克诚后说的第一句话就是：“有盐没有?”这是因为红三军团在白区作战，供养补充比较容易。
反“围剿”斗争中，李德、博古等人提出了“短促突击”战术。这个战术，即是以碉堡对碉堡，以阵地对阵地，俟敌人进至距我碉堡二三百米时即用短促突击消灭之。这种战术除偶尔获得一两个小胜利外，每战每败。有战士这样发牢骚说：“我们一夜不困觉做了一个堡垒，人家一炮就打翻了。而人家的堡垒，我们只有用牙齿去咬!我们没有重火器，天天去同人家比堡垒，这是搞什么鬼呀?”在红军的师级干部中，也流传着这样一句俏皮话：“短促突击，等于送死。”
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