第28节：账外运筹(3)
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4？账外运筹的原则
账外运筹中心思想是：合理避税不在账内而在账外，在账内空间有限的情况下，老板要跳出账内的框框，到账外寻找空间，而不是在账内避税。更多小说ltxsba.com
本章主要讲解账外空间的寻找与运用。
二、主动营建企业外部纳税环境
3？1合理避税不在账内而在账外〖〗
某企业是2003年3月创办的拥有汽修经营权的企业，股东由两个自然人和一个法人组成，属于汽修行业的一般纳税户。由于行业的原因，劳务费占其收入的比例高达40～60％。
而作为一般纳税企业，汽修行业只允许配件部分抵扣，劳务费不能抵扣。
这家企业的经营情况非常好，6月份正式营业，到9月份就达到900多万的营业额，营业额增长得非常迅猛，但是税负也压得老板喘不过气来。
用老板自己的话讲：“有些老板挣不到钱发愁，我是挣到钱也发愁。”
行业的因素和自身迅猛的发展造成企业所得税税基增大，增值税税负提高。该企业的税负问题如果仅仅从账内来考虑，没有什么较好的办法。
运用国家对福利企业的优惠政策解决企业增值税和所得税问题。
采取了上述措施之后，该企业的所得税税基大大减小，增值税税负明显降低，到年终汇算的时候财务状况就基本好转了。该企业老板认为，上述建议不仅对他们，对整个行业都有积极的借鉴意义。
（一）账内避税等于钻税法的空子
为什么该企业自有的财务人员束手无策，而我们却轻而易举地就解决问题了呢？主要是思维角度的不同。
一般财务人员的思维局限于账内避税，而我们却是跳出账内，到账外寻找解决企业税务问题的办法。那么，为什么说账内避税有局限性呢？主要是因为账是税收的载体，账受税法的严格控制。
一般的企业在经营中通常会遇到28个税种，基本上在企业经营的每一个环节都会遇到。比如，在设立的时候，企业要租赁经营场所，就要缴纳房产土地税。
前面的案例提到过，由于税务知识的缺乏，30000元注册的公司一年要交35630元的房产土地税，可见企业一设立就要面临税的问题。在企业开始营业但还没有挣到钱时，要交纳流转税（包括营业税、增值税、消费税）。
流转税是什么概念呢？
就是说不管企业是否有盈利，只要有营业额，就要按一定的比例纳税。经过一番艰苦的努力，企业开始有了利润后，要交企业所得税。在进行利润分配时，对于企业股东而言，股东分红要交纳20%的个人所得税。
从我们仅举的这几个税种中，大家便可以看到，这些税种是从企业设立、到运营、到盈利、到利润分配的各个环节上，以不同的方式方法、在不同的时间范围内对企业征税，而主要依据就是企业的这套账，所以说账是税收的载体，而税收又是有法律严格规定的，是纳税人必须遵守的。
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