第四十五章 炮弹专家(下)
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一代枭雄努尔哈赤当年就是丧命在明军的开花弹之下。他死后,儿子皇太极即位,一心雪耻,亲率大军攻击明军宁锦防线。清军渡过大凌河围攻锦州城,袁崇焕派兵增援以牵制清军的行动。清军未能攻下锦州便转而攻打宁远。明军在城头密排巨炮,总兵官满桂出城接战,引诱清军进入大炮射程,然后猛烈轰击清兵,打的清军死伤无数,仓皇撤退。这就是历史上有名的“宁锦大捷”。
后来沦为礼炮的三眼铳,当年曾是明军重要的单兵火药武器,它可以连续发射,构成密集火力,有利于压制行动迅速的骑兵。当年崇祯在李自成攻入北京的时候出宫而走,手中提的兵器就是三眼铳。
当时明朝军队的火炮除了装备开花弹,还装备了实心弹和霰弹。实心弹是由铁或者铅铸造而成,少量是用石块磨成球体,这种弹主要用于攻城洞穿城墙工事;霰弹则是野战火炮的大威力弹种,由数升铅铁小丸构成,射击时可以形成弹幕,杀伤力极大,但缺点是射程太近,一般不超过一里。
还有一种神火飞雷,主要用于杀伤人马,前明壬辰倭乱时期,由火炮匠李长孙发明,属于一种炮弹。外形如瓢,里头装有火药薄铁片,缠火绳的木谷以胶插入木谷的竹筒。木谷的沟缝长,炮弹的爆炸时间长,反之则短。
而著名的多级火箭“火龙出水”,在明朝《武备志》中有记载,用纸糊筒外绑第一级火箭,龙口内有第二级火箭,射出后加大射程击中敌方船舰,用于水上攻击,射程甚至可以达到1.5公里!
原始的火焰喷射器——猛火油柜,同样是诞生在中国。猛火油,即石油,在沈括的《梦溪笔谈》中,曾经记述过中国西北地区开发使用石油的先例。
最早的多管火箭炮“一窝蜂”,这是古代的喀秋莎火箭炮,一具发射器中带有多发火箭弹。萧然也记得明代《武备志》中对一窝蜂有较详细地介绍,当时的规格有多种,从3连发的“神机箭”,到100连发的“百虎齐奔”,都属于这个范畴。
至于最古老的手榴弹,名为震天雷,内有称为“火老鼠”的钩型铁片若干,用于加强杀伤力,这和现代美军手榴弹内放钢珠一个原理。这种不符合“武道”的残忍家伙,大概当时也被当作恐怖主义分子的武器吧。
另外还有毒气弹“霹雳炮毒火球”,这应该是最早的化学武器了。而它的出现的比明朝早多了,采石之战的时候是宋军重要武器,内部除了火药外,还有巴豆,狼毒,石灰,沥青,砒霜……爆炸时产生毒烟,中者口鼻流血,简直不亚于沙林氏毒气!
其它的诸如最早的非触发水雷——水底龙王炮,最早的迫击炮——虎蹲炮,最早的带助推火箭的滑翔炸弹——神火飞鸦,最早的重型抬枪——战防炮,甚至还有最早的大口径左轮枪——五雷神机……如此种种都是源自华夏民族的智慧,但是最终却没能挽救中国衰败的命运。说到后来,程通的声音也渐渐哽咽了,终于忍不住伏在桌子上失声痛哭。王猛等人更是破口大骂,这些兄弟都是从洋鬼子的枪林弹雨中走过来的,想到一个泱泱大国、曾经的军事霸主如今竟没落如斯,任人欺凌,怎能不满胸愤慨、义愤填膺!
萧然望着这一群铁骨铮铮的汉子,感慨万千。如果不是这个特殊的身份,他甚至有一种冲动,率领这些兄弟纵横疆场,跃马扬威,“壮志饥餐胡虏肉,笑谈渴饮匈奴血”!那该是怎样的一种豪情……
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