第七十一章:新式铸炮法
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一番见礼,朱慈烺笑道:“行了,我来这里也不是第一回了,都聚在这里空耗虚礼不是我想要的结果。更多小说ltxsba.comww?w.?b?i?q?u?走吧,上一回铸造的十六年式海军炮被我拿去给了星辰号安装后你们心疼得什么似的一样,现在我来了,别说过了这么久,后续火炮工艺还没有掌握。”
“殿下放心。火炮铸造之事已然无误。”焦勖有些拘礼。
反倒是一旁的杨若桥经历过生死以后,还真的有些气场,面对朱慈烺的调笑也没有怯场,道:“若是工坊中还有存货,自然不至于为了殿下大业而斤斤计较。委实那几门炮可都是初号炮意义非凡,这才会挂念这么久。不过殿下放心,依照新式铸炮法,眼下我们的火炮生产已经进入正轨了。”
这时,一直没说话的汤若望也不由感慨了起来:“尊贵的太子殿下治下的明人不愧是我见过的最优秀的民族。他们勤劳善良,在北京的时候便已经挥了高的效率。请让我惊叹造物主的神奇,他对明国的眷厚。没想到,本以为可以在技术上占据领先的西方却在南京让我改变了旧的看法。”
几人一边说着一边朝着研车间走去。
朱慈烺亲切平和的态度让焦勖渐渐放松,尤其是提起了专业的问题后更是变得随意自如了起来,说道:“说起铸炮,咱们比起往前的变化是真的太大了。笔趣阁w?w?w?.?biq?u?g?e?.?往常咱们的火炮都是打造的,一共有七个步骤。第一步要有好材料,把把生铁精炼成熟铁。要把5-7斤的生铁,炼得只剩下1斤,才算炼熟了。然后第二步是制板,第三步是卷筒,第四步是接合。将两个铁筒的筒端切整齐,用几个铁钉,将两个铁筒接合成一体。再是加厚炮身的炮腹、装药、火处、制成炮的粗坯后,吊装上架。上架后。要用墨线吊准,最后是安装火门,在炮身上锉出照门和护门。一步步过去,非得精熟的老工匠不可。打造起来实在是太辛苦了。”
朱慈烺捧哏道:“哦?那看来现在是有进步许多了罢。”
“何止许多!”焦勖感慨道:“这是一日千里的进步啊。真是多亏了殿下的匠作大院,将多少人才聚集一起,又是不惜工本,体恤我等工匠,这才能将这么多人的才智。这么多钱财用在了关键之处。为此,其后的泥模铸炮、沙模铸炮以及铁模铸炮三法这才能一一出来。”
“比起打造法,铸造法可是简便太多了。”杨若桥说道。?w?w?w?.b?
铸造法就是用非常干的楠木或杉木,按照炮体样式,制成炮模。炮模的两头要长出一尺多,做成轴头,轴头上加铁转棍,然后将炮模安置于旋架之上,以便旋转上泥。炮模做成以后,再将炮耳、炮箍、花头字样的模子安装上去。并且用细罗过了的煤灰把炮模均匀地涂刷一层,干了以后再用上好的胶黄泥和筛过的细沙,二八相掺,调合成泥,并把羊毛抖开,掺到泥里,和匀后作“经”。泥调好以后,把它涂糊在炮模上,然后将转棍转动,用圆口木荡板。蘸水荡平候干。待干后,照前法再上泥。
待上泥到一定厚度后,用粗条铁线,从炮模的头部密缠至尾部。缠完后照刚才的办法再上泥。等上到快达到要求的厚度后,就用指头大的铁条,比照炮模的长短,长的多用,短的少用,均匀地摆放在炮模上作骨架。随后用1寸宽、5分厚的铁箍。从炮模头部至尾部,均匀地箍在铁条之外。然后再上泥,上完荡匀。等彻底干透后,再将木芯取出,把炭火放进泥模内,一方面是为了烧干泥模,另一方面是为了把炮耳、炮箍及花头字样等件烧化成灰。
等冷却后,扫出灰渣,把木模底安放好,再安尾珠。然后再上泥,干了以后,取出木炮模底,再用炭火烧化尾珠,完全冷却后,等着下窑铸造。
“泥模多气孔,用了没多久便抛弃了。”汤若望说道。
泥模铸炮泥范必须彻底烘干,很不方便。如果灼热金属接触含有水分的泥范,就会产生孔穴。泥范不透气,所以蜂窝状孔穴就会深入金属铸件。每一门炮在单独制作的模子里铸造。这样使得同规格的大炮外形尺寸只能达到近似。而且模铸的型芯和外部成为一条直线几乎不可能。因为浇注的时候中心定位不精确,支撑不可能十分牢固。所以型芯被滚烫的金属冲击必然会移动。铸造出的大炮内部炮膛偏离中心,而且倾斜。内部经常会有小缺陷。大炮炮膛是不规整的。由于材质,所以很多还无法切削。
“沙模可以解决一些喽?”这些技术路线都是朱慈烺记起来的,此刻聊着全无专业障碍,一时间君臣相得,气氛好不融洽。
“沙模铸炮是可以克服泥模铸炮时候的蜂窝状孔穴的缺陷。灼热金属接触含有水分的,虽然也会有疏松区,采用黏土只有百分之五到十的沙范,透气性很高,所以疏松区范围小,气孔很浅,在铸件表层。可以容易的切削掉。就是打造的铁还不行,生铁铸件大部分是灰口铁,里面依旧不好削平。”汤若望道。
“嗯,还有最关键的一点啊。大军的武备要求是很高的,这两样铸造的模范都无法反复使用,泥模更要苦等时间阴干,这样一来便会让工序大大浪费。成本高一些也就罢了,时间再拖长就可能延误军机。”说到这里,朱慈烺的表情就严肃了一些。
这时,众人也已经进了研车间。
焦勖低声说了几句便开始亲自示范起了铁模铸炮法。
铁模铸炮法是以铁为模,铸炮时,先将铁模的每瓣内侧刷上两层浆液。第一层浆液是用细稻壳灰和细沙泥制成的;第二层浆液是用上等极细窑煤调水制成的。然后,两瓣相合,用铁箍箍紧、烘热,节节相续,最后浇铸金属熔液。待浇足熔液,冷却成型以后,即刻按模瓣次序剥去铁模,如剥掉笋壳一样,逐渐露出炮身,再剔除炮心内的泥胚胎,膛内自然学滑。
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ps:最近有些卡文,今天更新没稳定,好在总算写出来了,久等了实在抱歉
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