第一百四十四章:文章偶得之
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中试的考场仍是在考棚进行,只是大雪皑皑,那考棚中渗入消融的雪水,冰冷刺骨。考生纷纷进入考场,据说这一次监考的,仍是礼部尚书杨真。
这倒也罢了,有人传言,就是宫里头也来了人,说是官家很看重这场考试,特意遣了内侍在这儿等诸位大人阅了卷,挑出头名将试卷送入宫中去。
这场考试不管是国子监还是太学,又暗暗起了较劲的意味;是以不但是官家,就是朝臣,亦瞩目这场考试;现在就是等考生们答了卷,待成绩揭晓之后,再有人弹冠相庆了。
沈傲被分在甲丑号考棚,这里靠着考场边缘,近处就是一堵高高的院墙,倒是恰好挡住了凛冽寒风,只是那考棚的檐上,却是结着不少冰凌,冰凌融化,吱吱地往下滴水,沈傲将冰凌全部去除了,坐在凳上等待试题发下。不多时,几个监考的官员过来,为首的那个博士沈傲却是相熟的,正是自己的授课老师秦博士。
秦博士看到沈傲,只朝他笑了笑,抛来一个鼓励的眼神儿;为了避嫌,又快步地离开。
等到试题发下来,沈傲略略一看,中试比之初试显然有了些难度,作诗自然是有的,除此之外,还要求考生作出一篇‘经义’来。
诗词的事倒是好说,沈傲真正的弱点还是在经义上,此时的经义比之后世的八股文虽然更加自由,只要求文辞优美,能够按着题目阐述其学术思想,发抒政治理想即可。
八股文最讲究结构的严整刻板,如破题、承题等基本部分是断不能缺的。好在此时的经义结构上还没有这样严格的限制,但已略具八股雏形。
沈傲这数月来将四书五经背了个滚瓜烂熟,总算有了点底子,但做经义文章,却还显得生疏,好在陈济的笔记为他指点了迷津,让他学到了一些精髓,总不至于无从下笔。
看了经义的题目,题目是《非礼之礼》,沈傲沉吟片刻,顿时便想起了这个题目出自论语,原文是子曰:事君尽礼,人以为谄也。大意是说:礼也要有度,过分的礼难免被误为谗,有时候也会陷入谗。做人要站得直、行得正,礼到为止。为礼而礼,其礼非礼。
这个题目倒是颇有些难度,沈傲苦笑,所谓的经义,单这试题,就考验了考生对四书五经的理解,若是不能熟读,不能达到倒背如流的地步,只怕寻不到原句,不解其意,别说作文章,只有干瞪眼的份。
这四书五经算是没有白读啊,沈傲在这方面的进步倒是神速,毕竟从前有较好的古文底子,又遍览古籍,学起经义来比之寻常人更容易上手,再加上有名师指点,此刻虽是第一次正式作经义,乍看之下,倒是有了几分信心。
“为礼而礼,其礼非礼?该用什么办法破题呢?”
沈傲深深地皱着眉头,一时竟是呆了,破题对于整个经义来说,是极为重要的,一篇文章好不好就取决于破题能否高明一些,若是破了个好题,接下来的文章就容易写了。
他提笔不语,努力沉吟,脑中开始搜索着陈济所写的一些破题经验。
一炷香之后,沈傲眸光突然一亮,终于有了那么一点点的灵感,沉吟几句,又似在喃喃自语,口里不时念叨:这样是否过于直白?接着摇了摇头。无声地念道:还是不妥。
不由自主地,沈傲又是双目茫然地去咬笔杆子。终于,半响后,他突然抖动手腕,又将笔尖对准了试卷,写道:古之人以是为礼,而吾今必由之,是未必合于古之礼也;古之人以是为义,而吾今必由之,是未必合于古之义也。
待这一句写完,沈傲满意地站直身体,忍不住叫了一声好。他选择了时间的角度,从礼、义的古今之别入手,指出古人认为合于礼、义的事,今人仍遵循照搬,那就未必合乎礼、义,就可能成为非礼之礼,非义之义。
以这一段话破题,让沈傲心中一喜,连自己都觉得甚是满意了。须知像非礼之礼这样的“截下题”,破题时最忌犯下只能说题中的“礼”,不能涉及到“义”的忌讳。沈傲在破题时却照顾到了礼、义两方面,如此破题,绝对算是极好的开篇,非但起到了承上启下的妙用,同时也能让人眼前一亮,颇有出奇制胜的意味。
“哈,好在陈师父的笔记已经记得滚瓜烂熟了,老油条师父别的没有教,做的笔记大多都是教人破题、承题的。”沈傲此刻忍不住佩服起陈济了,从前没有设计到经义,所以并不觉得陈济这个相公有多少含金量,可是现在做起文章,再想起他的笔记,当真是妙用无穷。
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