第八十五章 四合院
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北京四合院，既合院建筑之一种，所谓合院，就是一个院子四面都建有房屋，四合房屋，中心为院，这就是合院。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com
有钱的人家摆阔气，可以建设三个或四个合院，亦为前后相连。在合院中植花果树木，以供观赏。
大四合院从外边用墙包围，都做高大的墙壁，不开窗子，表现出一种防御性。
全家人在合院里，院中住的人十分安适，晚上关闭大门，非常安静，适合于以家族为中心的团聚生活。
到白天，院中花草树木，十分美丽，夜里花香，空气清新，晚间家人坐在院中乘凉、休息、聊天、饮茶，全家合乐，家里人在院子里，无论做什么，外人看不见的，这符合中国人的习惯。
清代最有代表性的居住建筑是宫室式第宅，这就是官僚、地主、富商们居住的大中型四合院，也可以说，清代是北京四合院发展的巅峰时期。
自清代后期起，中国逐渐沦为半封建半殖民地社会，北京四合院的发展也开始逐步走下坡路。
日军侵华，使中国社会发生了很大变化，市民经济状况每况愈下，很多原来住独门独院的居民已没有能力养更多的房子，只好将多余的房子出租，以租金来补贴生活。
居民的住房越来越少，院里的房客越来越多，独门独户的四合院开始变成多户杂居的大杂院，四合院的居住性质发生了变化。
建国以后，北京传统四合院在使用上，更是出现了根本性的变化。
由于所有制的变更，很多清代遗留下来的王府、宅院由私产变为公产，它们不再为昔日的贵族所占有，转而成为国家机关、学校、医院、工厂、幼儿园、俱乐部等公用住房。
使用功能的改变，使得建筑本身与使用者的需求之间产生了难以解决的矛盾，最终的结果，不是人服从建筑，而是建筑被人所改造。
那些仍作为住宅用的院落，己不再为独家占有，变为多户居住的“大杂院”，这些用途上的变化，使四合院再难保持昔日的深邃、安谧、幽雅和温馨，四合院被分割、改造、瓜分成了普遍现象。
从故宫出来后，叶天和于清雅往东城处走了不过七八分钟，就是一片四合院的建筑群。
在清朝的时候，这里属于中城，一般都是达官显贵们居住的，叶天还真有点诧异，他那没见过面的爷爷，如何会在这里拥有一套院子？
走在四周都是高墙大院的胡同里，感受着这份宁静的生活气息，叶天觉得要比在故宫有意义的多。
而且叶天发现，四合院的营建极其讲究风水，从择地、定位到确定每幢建筑的具体尺度，都暗合北方八卦派的风水之道。
在胡同口的地方，还不时能看到一些老北京坐在大树下打牌下棋，街坊四邻走过的时候，一声“您吃了嘛”的问候，听得叶天倍感温馨。
叶天和于清雅这一对俊男靓女走在胡同里，显得有些扎眼，不过这些年相关部门已经开始策划胡同文化和四合院旅游，居住在这里的人倒是也没表现出特别的地方来。
“东X四胡同XXX号。”来到一处宅门前，叶天站住了脚，有些诧异的盯着宅门两边挂的牌子上。
“街道办事处？”看着那白底黑字的挂在门边的牌子，叶天有点傻眼，再抬头看看门牌号，没错啊，就是老爸说的那地方。
“叶天，你没搞错吧？”于清雅也在一旁问道。
叶天又确认了一下门牌号，摇了摇头，说道：“没错，就是这里，不过……怎么变成街道办事处了？”
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