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第700章 新宪法和新战舰

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七月的北京城,已经进入了盛夏时节,骄阳之下的京城闷热无比,新政府成立已经整整半年了,但是新政府能够拿得上台面的政绩实在太多稀少,迅速平定东北满清贵族的叛乱或许还算得上一条,剩下的,善法可陈!

好在一时间和俄国人、英国人闹的不可开交的外交谈判暂时吸引了世人的目光,这倒是减轻了不少新政府的压力,但和俄国人、英国人,乃至所有列强的利益纠纷,显然也不是那么好处理的事情。龙腾小说ltxs520.com

好在,这桩麻烦事情已经交给了军政部去处置,所以,李中堂倒是得闲了两日,不过,杨士骧带来了一个好消息,让他也放弃的休息的念头,立刻亲自跑去成立许久的宪法编查馆,宪政改革至今,但这民主联合政府宪法都易稿数次,始终无法拿出让他满意的版本,一直来都让他也是十分恼火,现在终于有了眉目!

等到了编查馆,在这边负责的是翰林编撰林绍年,这位原本是醇亲王手下的幕僚,醇亲王在北京兵变中死于战火,他和李中堂有旧,跑去投了淮军,李中堂倒是看重他的文笔和才识,带到北京城让他负责编撰这新政府的宪法。

而宪法编撰的依据,李中堂自然早就定下基调,所谓“甄采列邦之良规,折衷本国之成宪”,现在能够拿来就用的,隔海相望的日本倒是个不错的选择。所以,现在成稿的《宪法初本》就是以日本明治维新的《明治宪法》修订而来。

李中堂在之前多稿中曾经试图将日本宪法中赋予皇权的那些权力统统加到内阁,不过,这样大内阁的做法现在遭到了各省督抚和清流系统的抵制,所以,宪法一直都处于难产当中,经过多方磋商后,这最新一稿的《中华民主联合政府宪法》终于出炉了。

新宪法一共二十八条,第一条就明确了中华民主联合国实行君主立宪制,内阁为国家最高权力机构。由二十二个省、以及京师辖区代表组成内阁联合政府,这也是对目前9人内阁的一个扩充,按照这个提法,淮军体系将获得10席的内阁位置,相比原本12席中获得4席,掌握度有了一定程度的提高。

当然,这也是经过各方势力多次协调和妥协的结果,对于这些小动作。各省督抚出人意料的都未表示反对,而宪法同时就成立军政部、外交部、高等法务部、教育部、财政部、农业部、工业部、卫生部、水利部定下了基调。

这其中,军政部下辖海军、陆军、警察部队、预备役体系、消防部队,军事权力一把抓,而内阁下辖人事部,李中堂毫不犹豫的抓住了官员任命的大权。而另一巨头翁同龢则将法务部纳入囊中,而各地督抚在这其中,都是多少得了些好处。

而新宪法中的重头戏,自然是众议院和参议院的选举与设置,经过各方的博弈。初步达成了第一任参众两院的选举办法,九大督抚各获得4个名额的题名权,三巨头各自再获得4个名额的提名权,一共组成48人的参议院。

而下议院由各省按照人口基数进行选举,每两百万人口获得一个选举名额,由地方督抚负责各自辖区内的选举。经过细分,全国一共选举195名众议院议员,针对人口稀少的、新疆,增加当地宗教领袖的4个名额。

这一次,新宪法的制定中,充分考虑到求同存异的各派系要求,对于存在分歧的部分刻意淡化,而在这一点上。原本翁同龢那一派的老古董都是不同意的,出乎意料的是,这一点上,得到了秦铠的大力支持,所以最终达成了目前这大框架的宪法。

配套宪法一起完成的,是新政府第一步选举法,作为第一届新政府的选举,出于国情的考虑,李中堂和几乎所有的高官都认定,现在显然无法让选举权、被选举权扩大到全民,所以,新选举法实行的是所谓精英选举,由地方推选名单,再进行地方选举。

这一点上,秦铠自然默不作声,这其中的弊端,他这个后来人在史书中读到了太多,不过,说实话,也不能光从这点来断言这样的选举是失败的,可以载舟亦可覆舟的民心,通过选举这种手段走上了历史的舞台,这才是最重大的进步,至于那些卑劣政客,放在哪个时代,这种渣滓都不会是稀缺货。

六月二日,秦铠拿到新宪法的抄件时,他正在会见刚刚从东北前线、广东等地星夜赶来的新军体系高级官员,这一次,所有军官都是秘密进京的,甚至这次会议也从城内军政部移师到西城永定镇外的新军训练营。

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