第十章 、挥斥八极
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在原本的历史上,曹操既封魏王,又加九锡,这是政治大势,谁都阻止不了,再加上在这条时间线上,曹家无论显性还是隐性实力,都比历史上要强得太多了,所以即便没有自己的协助,董昭也迟早能够达成夙愿。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com¥f
是勋考虑的是“后事”,也就是封藩建国之后,还应该做些什么。他想要趁机解决掉一个历史遗留的大问题,也即官制改革的问题。
汉朝的官制仍很粗疏,这主要表现在以下几个方面:其一,地方官数量极少,但是权重,既易造成割据,又易导致豪强或者世家坐大,对中央集权不利;其二,随着户口的繁盛、国家事务的增多,中央没能因应时局而增加合适的部门、官职,导致一府多事,职权不清;其三,宫中、府中,区分得并不明确,九卿大多得名于古代君主的家务官,而其实质,也往往同时同时负责朝廷之事和皇室之事;其四,官员的品级划分得非常粗放,小吏和大老的俸禄差令人发指,但偏偏其中还并没有足够的等级过度,使得下吏缺乏充足的上进心,其结果必然是公卿奢靡、长吏贫寒,越亲民的官反倒越穷,被迫贪污成风。
高薪未必养廉,低薪是肯定养不了廉的——你不能要求每名官员都是圣人啊。
还有就是相权过大,威胁君权,两者之间几乎是斗争而非博弈的关系,遂引发无穷的内耗。外朝的丞相、三公也好,内朝的大司马大将军也罢。往往能够军政大权一把抓。举凡行政、监察、立法、司法。全都一两个人或者单一机构说了算,皇帝可以玩儿各种手段加以分化和制约,但手段都在法理之外,都只是临时性举措而已,不能从根本上解决问题。
究其实质,汉代是从贵族政治向官僚政治的过度期,而其官制也正体现了这种过度。是勋现在所希望的,就是加速这一转化的进程——世家大族掌权。从某种意义上来说,那也是贵族社会的一种反扑。
在中国历史上,官僚制度的完善是在唐、宋,你看到那时候,还有能够在上操持国柄,在下形同割据的世家大族吗?阶层之间相对更强的流动性,就直接限制了这一社会势力的产生。
汉承秦制,光武改制也只是小打小闹而已,此外有汉一代,包括汉哀帝在内。也曾经多次改革过官制,但不是只动皮毛、不变筋骨。就是头疼医头、脚疼医脚,没有什么大的建树。王莽倒是对旧制下了番狠手,问题那家伙改革的方向根本就错了……
主要是因为阻力太大,改革官制必然会重新瓜分既得利益者的蛋糕,没几个人真大公无私地愿意那么干。所以对于汉制之弊,是勋也曾经多次跟曹操坦言过,也提出过自己一些改革的想法,曹操深以为然,却总是下不了决心去办——别说曹操了,即便换了是勋本人掌权,那也是不敢干的,天下未定呢,就先搞得自家人心惶惶,这不是作死呢嘛!
那只有利用改朝换代的机会来变更官制了,但即便如此,也不是说可以直接把前朝制度推翻,一切从头来过的。如今却突然在是勋面前展现出了一个大好机会——曹操要建藩封国了,那在这个新公国里创设新官制,不是如同白纸上现画画一样,要方便得多了吗?再说了,也算是为将来全国性的改制先做个试点啊。
是勋不但想要建议曹操这么做,还希望可以把这一事务牢牢抓在自己手中——终究他有后世两千年的殷鉴,自认比这时代任何一个人都明白官僚制度究竟是怎么一回事儿,也比这时代任何一个人都更下得去手。只是这事儿光靠写信、上奏是说不明白的,必须当面向曹操建言;而且这事若等到正式建国了再来谋划,未免缓不济急,必须提前就先动起手来。
这才是是勋想要辞去幽州刺史之任,返回许都去的主要原因。
且说他才从乐浪返回蓟县,就急忙给曹操写了一封私信——不是上奏。因为他并不想跟是仪似的,从此基本上离开官场,故而并没有直接辞职。汉朝的官制与后世不同,品级、俸禄是直接挂靠着官职,而非官员本人的,也就是说,一旦辞职,立变白身,基本上不会有并无实职却仍有散官、品级在身的情况出现。即便做到三公,去职后再起,也得先做会儿中级佐官——比方天子亲辟的顾问官,或者三公征辟的属僚,等等。
以是勋的身份、名望,倘若辞了职,再入宦途,最佳途径就是重进相府——这倒是他乐意干的,要为新公国设置官制系统,当然必须入幕啦——然而一旦衔接上出了点儿问题,未必还能遽掌实权。所以啊,我不辞职,只是私信跟曹操打个商量,你给我挪回中央去吧。
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