第十六章、废立之思
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是勋正色道：“弟近年倥偬国事，偶有所思，皆以注经，所见既浅，又散碎也。何如孙兄，万卷在侧，兆书环绕，所读既广，所思必深勋安敢论？是故乃赴兰台求学耳。”你这两年呆在兰台，尽读书了，我怎么敢跟你讨论经义？你也容我先好好读上几个月的书，咱们再切磋不迟啊。
孙炎“嘻嘻”一笑：“宏辅实好学者也。”不必过于谦逊，咱们一起读书，共同进步就是。
是勋敷衍过了孙炎。便即安排小吏们分门别类地整理图书。并且特意关照说：“若本朝之前。论尧舜及三代之事者，不论真伪、古今、散整，皆取来我看。”我要从中寻找劝说刘协的论据出来。
读书的日子过得很快，匆匆便已岁末，随即迎来了建安十六年的元旦。同时也有消息传至许都，说曹昂已然交卸了三州都督的临时职务，并且完成了对旧荆州地区的巡视，年前返回的安邑。曹操与儿子见面恳谈。并且征询重臣们的意见，最终决定册立魏王世子，乃由杨德祖拟稿，上奏恳请天子允准。
曹操跟曹昂究竟谈了些什么，就连校事都未能探知端底可见那是多么私密的会谈了。但他与重臣们的某些对话，倒通过校事系统传到了是勋耳中。据说曹操曾经询问贾诩，然而贾文和缄口不言，曹操就问啦：“与卿言而不答，何也？”贾诩说：“属适有所思，故不即对耳。”曹操问你究竟在想些什么？贾诩终于图穷匕见“思袁本初、刘景升父子也。”
是勋闻讯。不禁大笑：“文和固狡狯也。”合着你还是来这一套啊！在原本的历史上，曹操在曹丕和曹植之间举棋不定。乃问贾诩，结果贾文和的回答是一样一样的。就表面上看起来，贾诩把自身的位置摆得很正，所言也符合儒家大义长幼有序，立长是绝对的政治正确，即便曹操最终还是放弃了曹昂（这条时间线上）或者曹丕（原本历史上），得嗣者也不能因此而怨怼他贾诩啊。
可是你再细想一想，老贾明明可以跟曹操直说：“废长立幼，取乱之道，请主公从礼而行可也。”但他偏偏要兜个圈子，拿袁绍、刘表出来举例，以期给曹操留下更深的印象，由此可见，他个人的倾向性不是很明确了吗？
只是在曹家重臣当中，贾文和终究既为后进，又是降人，排位比较靠后，光他这一句话，恐怕还没法使得曹操彻底打定主意。曹操更重视的，还是荀攸、钟繇等人的看法荀氏故相，钟氏新相，执掌尚书，搁后世那就是国务总理啦，确立继承人这种大事儿，怎可能不预先征求国务总理的意见？
当然啦，立嗣既是国事，更是家事，曹操又是一位强势的君主，他若真的拿定了主意，哪怕废长立幼，只要不是废嫡立庶，原也不必在意臣子们的看法。由此亦可得见，曹操的内心还在犹豫、彷徨，跟曹昂父子密谈那一回，所得的结果必然并不尽如人意。
所以最终，还是睿智的荀公达帮忙曹操打消了心中的犹疑。当曹操询问荀攸的时候，荀攸也说：“臣乃有所思。”曹操心说你也不会也在想袁绍、刘表吧？却不料荀攸回答道：“乃思昔高皇帝立嗣，孝惠皇帝何得不失其位耶？”
汉高祖刘邦偏爱戚夫人所生的庶子刘如意，曾经起过废长立幼之心，要说那会儿儒家学说还并没有在政治生活中占据统治地位，传统的礼法对刘邦这类大老粗来说，也是随时都可以扔垃圾堆里去的废品，嫡长子刘盈的地位真是岌岌可危啦。可是最终刘盈还是顺利扛过了危机，在刘邦死后继任为大汉朝第二任天子孝惠皇帝，这又是为什么呢？
一般认为，那是因为刘盈他亲娘吕雉采纳了张良的建议，请出大名鼎鼎的“商山四皓”来做刘盈的老师，刘邦一瞧，太子羽翼已丰，这才不得不打消了废长立幼的念想。
然而荀攸对此却有不同的看法：“若萧丞相、曹丞相、陈丞相、张丞相（张苍），及滕公（夏侯婴）、周勃等俱心向孝惠皇帝，斯可谓羽翼丰满也。‘四皓’徒有其名，无寸功且无寸兵，何得谓为羽翼？”
汉初，军功贵族实际掌控着朝政，这些人的向背都不去考虑，就光为了四个新冒出来的老头儿，就觉得长子成势啦，动不得啦，世间又哪会有这种道理呢？
曹操捻须沉吟，说公达所言有理那么就你认为，刘邦是为啥而不敢行废立之事的呢？
荀攸缓缓答道：“臣按旧史，乃有所管见。高皇帝五年而破项羽，然天下未底定，六年游云梦而拘韩信，七年伐匈奴而困平城，八年始和亲匈奴，九年徙豪杰十万入关中，十年击陈豨，十一年杀彭越，十二年灭黥布，旋薨。则天下尚乱，汉基未固，岂可因此而自乱者也？”
曹操闻言，不禁长叹一声：“公达所言是也，孤知之矣！”
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