第七章、圆周几何
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就理论而言,豪门世家必定有钱这年月知识(当然是指儒学知识)乃仕宦之阶,仕宦开殖产之门但反过来说,有钱的家庭不一定可列位世族,单家庶族虽然多为中小地主,但也偶有通过经商或者旁的什么手段发家致富的。龙腾小说ltxs520.com尤其乱世之中,旧宦沉沦,新贵崛起,但那些新贵并无足够的底蕴,是否能够成长为世家,也是说不准的事情。
不过总体而言,这年月书籍的成本尚高(即便中原地区已经普及了用纸,印刷作坊亦层出不穷),知识的普及面不广,即便单家庶族,那也是家里有几十上百亩地的,否则哪来的余钱购书、进学?所谓清贫士人,只是说在读书人中间算比较穷的罢了,相对而言而非绝对而言。
孔子曾赞颜回:“一箪食,一瓢饮,在陋巷,人不堪其忧,回也不改其乐。”可是说到了,颜回终究属于奴隶主阶层,起码还有“一箪食”可以填饱肚子,若然庶民,就连宣扬“有教无类”的孔老夫子也未必惜得收他为徒。
是宏辅创设科举制度,一是为了响应“唯才是举”的方针,使官僚体系更加高效化,二是为了扶持单家庶族,向他们敞开上升的通道。为此他确实动了不少心思,在财力方面给予极大的优惠和帮助。比方说,报考的士人都先汇聚各郡,[然后用公车送抵洛阳,途中食宿皆由官家报销。
什么,你说你都没有足够的盘缠从乡下走到县城,再走到郡治?如此是真赤贫也。还是老实回去种地吧。上流社会非为汝所设也。你也压根儿就混不进去。以这年月低生产力和小政府的状态,国家是根本没有财力普及什么九年制义务教育的。
是宏辅只是为了扶持庶族地主,相对扩大统治阶层范围而已,才不想搞什么公民拥有平等的受教育权哪,超越时代一步是伟人、先知,超越时代十步就是妄人、神棍了。虽说“王侯将相,宁有种乎”,但基本上小老百姓想要当家作主。就只有一条道路可走造反。
所以这三十钱的《字典》,其实便形成了一道无形的门槛,赤贫阶层根本别想挤得进去。当然啦,是宏辅本人只是向各地下了指令,要求统一发放《字典》而已,但各地书坊才不可能如此无私,免费提供成百上千套书籍,能够如张休所言“只收工本”,就算很良心啦。
问题是,马钧身上就连三十钱都没有……
马钧勉强可以算是赤贫阶层了。但他能够免学费读得起书,自然与普通百姓不同。多少还有家族势力为其支撑。就理论上而言,只要武功马氏并未衰败,起码有他孤儿寡母一口稀粥喝,不至于饿死道旁。故此面临如此窘境,他首先想起的必然还是宗族,即向马齐、马夏商借,允诺考中了便即奉还。
然而那二位却只是冷笑:“汝安能得中?”根本瞧不起他,不肯掏腰包是啊,宗族不会让你饿死,可并没有扶持你当官的义务啊,而且你若成绩不好还则罢了,若考得好,会不会反而扯我们的后腿,挤掉我们的位子啊?
最终还是陈纻掏出钱来,帮马钧购买了一套《字典》。他关照马钧:“且用功者,毋负我望也。”你若是考不中,从此《物理初言》再跟你无缘我绝对不会借了。
马钧千恩万谢,小心翼翼地捧着《字典》走了。他虽然仍旧难免满脑子的“物理”,却也知道此番考试直接影响自家前程这回若是考砸了,估计就再没有下一回啦,家族必不允许自己继续尝试,那就只好回去守磨坊喽于是手不释卷,用了短短五天的时间,便将《字典》整整通读了三遍。
陈纻同样窝在郡校中刻苦攻读,只有马夏、马齐二人,少年人难得来趟郡城,不免结伴遨游,城外名胜、古迹,城内食肆、女闾,无不涉足。
终于到了初试的日子,地点便设在郡校之内。正如张休所言,考分两场,第一场考经义,考题为三段经中成句“初六,浚恒,贞凶,无攸利。先有司,赦小过,举贤才。夏四月己巳,晋侯、齐师、宋师、秦师及楚人战于城濮,楚师败绩。”可以任选其中一句,注明出处,默写全段,并且加以分析说明。
陈纻是报名明经的,为炫其技,便选了第一句乃难度较大的《易》也。马钧不敢冒进,老老实实选了第二句出自《论语》。马夏、马齐同样报考明经,全都选了第三句这“城濮”二字都亮出来了,我难道还猜不到是何书何典吗?
到了第二场,马钧接到考卷一瞧,非常简单啊,基本上都是些乘除法的题目,就中有一条:“圆周一百二十四步,问径几何?”他皱着眉头琢磨了半天,最后还是决定给出两个答案:“按《周髀》,径一而周三,是得四十一步三分步之一;按张平子(张衡),则约三十九步五分步之一。”
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