第十四章、明算之弊
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《算》分九章,包括方田、粟米、衰分、少广、商功、均输、盈不足、方程和勾股,无论对于官吏还是对于工匠来说,都是非常实用的基础算术。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com∈↗,考题并没有脱离开这些实用技能,因为据说是宏辅说了:“国家选士,用之于今,储之备后,空言虚妄,实无用也。若不能即用之,试之何益?”
是宏辅官居太尉,其实这是一个勋官,地位尊崇,但并无实际统属,只备天子顾问及临时差遣而已。因为前次魏国的科举考试就不但是他倡议,也是他所主持的,故而此番天子再度点将,还由是宏辅担任主考。只是是宏辅所长,经义也,也,别瞧他《物理初言》上提出过不少相关算学的问题,也做了一定解答,那都未必真是本人的功劳,对于算学,所知其实寥寥。而对于明法、治剧、知兵三科,他也未必都能拿得起来。
所以必须得找别人帮忙啊,是宏辅乃奏请以不久前被免职的毛玠毛孝先负责明法科、治剧科,以兵部尚书贾诩贾文和负责知兵科,以度部出纳司郎中赵爽赵君卿负责明算科,以礼部侍郎任嘏任昭先辅佐自己查考明经科并为副考。
毛玠虽为白身,前在魏国时亦曾担任宰相,资格相当之老;任嘏虽然年轻,却乃经学大家郑康成的高足,是宏辅之师兄弟,名望素著;只有赵爽,无论年齿、名望、秩禄,都比其他几位要差出一大截去。那为什么偏偏挑上他了呢?因为这位赵君卿乃是研究《周髀》的名家,上回魏国科举。报考明算的寥寥无几。结果他独占鳌头说白了这就是一理科状元。故此是宏辅特意简拔,使担重任。
明算的考题就是赵爽独自一个人出的,只不过出完题之后,特意拿给兵部侍郎诸葛亮,请求指点。诸葛孔明自从就任此职的半年多以来,就把相关军粮的收集、贮藏、运送,以及武器装备的设计、制造,全都一肩挑了。整个儿一后世的总后加总装双料部长。工作中牵扯到了很多算术问题,他有搞不大明白的,全都去向赵爽请教,二人遂结为莫逆之交同时也是算学研究方面的好同志。
当下诸葛亮看了赵爽所出的考题,自己先扒拉算盘,答了一回,结果准确率只得八成。于是他质疑这题目是不是太难了?赵爽笑道:“算之易也,童子可为;算之难也,吾亦不敢言精通矣。今为国举才,必求良骥。二三驽马,弃之可也。何惜之有?”我要是把题目出得简单了,是个人就能答得上来,那还有什么意义啊。
“乃以孔明之答为衡可也,达之者可上中,中七成者上下,六成中上,五成中中,四成中下,四成以下,不必取也。”上上就是满分儿了,那不可能给啊,上中便算逸才。什么,你问倘若有人准确率超过了八成,比诸葛亮还强怎么办?那不就要接近我的水平了吗?怎么可能!
赵爽对自己在算学方面的造诣还是相当自负的。
结果考题一发下去,考生们粗粗一瞧,内容不脱《九章算术》,应该不难,问题真到计算的时候,才明白满不是那么回事儿。几乎所有题目,都把《九章算术》中好几种题型给糅杂到了一起,多拐好几个弯儿,而且所给出的数字还都巨大,并且绝对无整,满是零头。这、这也太难为人了吧,几乎所有考生当场全都炸了。
监考的官吏好一通弹压,才勉强使得众人安静下来。那既然考题不可能更改,就只有闷头计算了吧,即便答对的不多,只要比旁人强就行难道今番明算还能一个不给得中不成?岂非有损朝廷脸面?
考明算是允许携带计算工具入场的,马钧当即就把自己包里的算盘给抽了出来。转瞬之间,四外均响起了“噼啪”之声,不绝于耳。可是也有那几个不会使用算盘这种新工具的,仍然用的是算筹,结果不但地方狭小,根本摆不下那么大的算式,好不容易说动监考官吏,单辟一处空场计算吧,却发现一袋二百七十枚算筹根本就不够用的!
你就算把度部整月的出入账本儿全都取来,也不过如此而已了吧,可真要度部计算钱粮,又不可能一个人干,更不可能短短三柱香的时间就要答完整整二十道题目!
考试时间都是主考所定,其余各科都规定有整整半天的时间可供答卷即便如此,是宏辅估计自己并无捷才,真要去应考,未必能得高中,能混个中中就算不错了只有赵爽规定明算科只给三柱香时间。无他,因为当初诸葛孔明就是花了差不多时间完成的,对于赵爽来说,那是个“衡”,也就是标杆。
题目如此深奥、繁难,就连马钧瞧着也不禁头痛,好在他基础尚算扎实,算盘拨拉得也快,才勉强在收卷的前一刻把所有二十道题目都给答完了只是来不及检查。考生们三三两两出得考场,十个里面倒有九个皱眉摇头,唉声叹气,甚至还有人说:“以为明算易也,早知今日,盍应明经?”
大家伙儿都知道明经的题目难,参考者也众多,简直是千军万马过独木桥,所以报考明算的很多士人都是为了躲避明经而来的。明算若能得中,度部、虞部、工部,或者相对应的各州、郡、县属吏,皆可为之,前程也不见得有多差呀。就算有玻璃天花板跟天上拦着,将来难为宰执,可本来自己就没那般宏图大志嘛,毕生奋斗,能得千石、两千石,便足够光宗耀祖的了。
别人越是沮丧,马钧倒越是高兴。他因为口吃,也不与旁人交谈,但始终支棱着耳朵。倾听同考们诉苦。结果发现绝大多数人都没能答完所有二十道题目。甚至还有些直接就交了白卷儿。自己好歹把题都给答完啦,即便没时间验算,总能蒙对个六七成吧,取上不易,得个中中、中下什么的,勉强合格应不为难。看起来,自家仕途便要由此而始,母亲的心愿得以达成……
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