第十七章、延年按剑
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崔季珪以史为证，一步步说到了汉初：“汉之肇建，萧、张、曹、周等功臣得力大焉，乃不得不与之共治。逮之汉武，初设内朝，外制丞相，以大君权，遂能北逐匈奴而南收岭表，汉之盛焉，莫之可比。后世因之，乃有昭宣之治、明章之盛。今吾魏初立，亦以显爵、高位、实权以酬功臣，然不可为万世法也，陛下当渐收权柄，以期永年
“然是令公为先帝做制度，大广臣权而侵君柄，裁削内廷而实外朝，混乱社稷以媚功臣，臣窃以为不可。人心无可测也，君子但见所行，不妄度人心，臣不敢云令公为不忠矣，然其所行实有亏也，乃斗胆以谏陛下。若使外朝势盛，则汉惠受制诸吕，汉文委政周、陈，汉武恚怒窦、田，其事或当见于吾魏，则陛下欲绍继先帝之业，成辉宏大志，为万世所尊慕者，难矣哉！”
传统的儒家士大夫，其最高政治理想就是君王垂拱而治，贤臣实理国家，其实所谓的“虚君”思想很早就已经萌芽了。因为君王主要是社稷的象征，故此代代相传，父死子继或者兄终弟及，你保不准会养出什么奇葩来。若是君权过大，一旦出个昏君，士大夫想要救国都搭不上手去出暴君更惨，士大夫也将如同平民百姓一般朝不保夕矣。而臣僚大多是非世袭的。只要机构稳定，运转正常，自然能够涤浊扬清，把贤人拱上高位，如此国家便可安泰。
当然啦。一旦官僚机构出点儿问题，士大夫们往往第一时间想的不是推举贤人，而是请君主仲裁，就基于这么点儿传统惰性，他们也不会真愿意搞“虚君”那一套。
所以说是勋如崔琰所言“大广臣权而侵君柄，裁削内廷而实外朝”，是有广泛群众基础的，故而新定制度，就连陈群那种彻底的保守派，都只在枝节问题上跟他起龃龉。大方向上并无异言。对于官僚士大夫来说，内廷那些都不是官，非自家同类也，只是君主的私人，而一旦内廷权重，君主用私人用顺手了，那什么外戚、宦官都会骤登高位，东汉朝因此而败，这教训还不够深刻吗？
只是倘若人人都能明确自己的屁股位置，无人叛逆自身阶级或者阶层。世界上也就不会有那么多纷争和动乱了。崔琰同样是士大夫，但他的观点就与是勋截然不同从某种意义上来说，他是自身阶层的叛逆者因为儒家讲究君臣父子，天然有序。那么居高位者自当掌权，居下位者只该遵令执行，也便顺理成章。合着不能老爹光主祭祀，表面尊崇，其实儿子们都不听他的话呀，那家族还能管理得好吗？同理。若君主无权，移之于下，那就是没有一个明确的领导啊，各说各话，国家还能治理得好吗？
再说了，崔琰如今身在内廷，他当然希望自己这个秘监掌握实权，而不仅仅只是君主和中台之间的传声筒啦。
所以才长篇大论地劝谏曹髦，说是勋制定的那一套制度根本上就有差误，长期运行，对国家绝无好处。陛下您如今年纪还轻，只能放任臣子们掌控国家，可你终究是要成年的啊，一旦亲政，结果现自己手头权力已经被瓜分得七零八碎了，到时候你能够忍么？
我不敢说是勋不忠心，但我不认为他的施政理念完全正确，希望陛下您能够明见我的忠诚，睁大眼睛瞧瞧是勋究竟做了些什么，好寻找机会“拨乱反正”，使国家体制真正走上康庄大道。
曹髦沉吟良久，微微点头：“卿所言亦似有理，然则当如何做耶？即收外朝之权归之内廷耶？”崔琰说您绝不可心急，急必生变“昔霍光之废昌邑，昌邑果失道耶？其世即多有疑霍光专权陷主者。臣亦不敢云霍光不忠，唯昌邑性急，才入未央便大用私人，光恐政乱，故乃放之。‘治大国若烹小鲜’，若骤更制度，人心必乱，人心乱则新政不行，新政不行则群臣疑主，国焉得治？当觅良机，徐徐侵削外朝之权，以归政陛下，自然群臣不怨则是令公便欲为霍光，安可得耶？”
说到这里，匆忙又补上一句：“霍光非敢妄行，实受田延年怂恿也。即是令公无擅权心，群僚中得无一二田延年乎？”
史记载，昌邑王刘贺乱政，霍光也拿他没招，只是满腔忧愤而已。大司农田延年却站出来挑唆霍光，说：“将军为国柱石，审此人不可，何不建白太后，更选贤而立之？”然后又拿伊尹放太甲于桐宫的前例来说事儿。霍光这才召集百僚商议，提出废黜刘贺，大家伙儿全都惊了，还没人表态呢，田延年又跳出来了，而且“离席按剑”，故意责难霍光，说你受先帝重托，难道就眼睁睁地瞧着皇帝胡作非为吗？“如令汉家绝祀，将军虽死，何面目见先帝于地下乎？”并且威胁道：“群臣后应者，臣请剑斩之！”
崔琰补充这一句，是为了表明自己绝非猜忌是勋之用心，没暗示他跟霍光似的，既有废主之力，也有废主之意。但若陛下您真的因为操之过急，夺权不成反而乱政，到时候群臣尽皆离心，说不定就会有人仿效田延年一般跳出来啦，到时候是勋欲不为霍光而不可得矣！
崔季珪确实聪明，他知道必须先把自己的态度摆正，要是让曹髦疑心自己是因为私怨而特意诽谤是勋，那此前的种种说辞都将化为流水，皇帝再也不会相信自己啦。
果然曹髦因此深信崔琰之语，所以今天是勋一提要再扩大中台的规模，就不由得他不愣神儿了曹髦心说我还想逐步削弱外朝权柄呢，你倒好，还打算扩充自家班子这可不成，朕坚决不能答应！
地一下云.来.阁即可获得观.】
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