《海商》 第二节 宝陀山
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
第二节宝陀山——
作者：守渔
春夏交际的四月末，明州昌国县宝陀山一带驻泊逾百艘海船，几乎将海面遮蔽住，而船上的旗幡密布，四处锣鼓喧天，香烟缭绕。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com这已是稀奇。更稀奇的是，明州郡守和提举市舶司并其僚属，竟也来到这约距离大陆四十里开外的小岛，正在自唐咸通四年便已开山的「不肯去观音院」拜佛，并与领取明州市舶公凭的华夷海商在此饮宴。原来是他们主持完今年祈风祭海仪式后，趁此风光明媚之际，偷得几许清闲。
祈风与祭海活动首先起于民间。宋代航海与造船技术虽然较诸前代有很大的进步，但面对变幻莫测的海上自然环境，不虞之灾仍如头顶悬剑，时时威胁着讨海人的生命和财产安全。人们对这种无法抗拒的自然力充满恐惧与敬畏，同时也希冀能够驾驭自然的神灵来保佑海上旅行的平安。更何况，当时远洋航行，全凭信风驱动。所以祈风与祭海对于海商来说，是一项必不可少、神圣而重要的活动，因为它是关系到财运兴衰，以致生死攸关的大事。每当季风来临，海商将扬帆启航之际，必先举行盛大的祈风祭海仪式，乞求一帆风顺。朝廷既受市舶之利，便配合海商出航与归航，在夏冬两季由各市舶司举办祈风祭海的祭典，地方守臣亦随同参加。至于海商更不必提，毕竟这是为他们举办的活动。
周颖思虽然前岁险些葬身鱼腹，却没有阻止周家今年再度出航日本的计划。周家两条两千斛的海舶还是来参加了这项祭典。不过祭典过后，周颖思并未如往年一般，留下来和市舶官员与其它海商饮宴酬酢，而是登时发令让周家两条两千斛海舶起碇离开宝陀山邻近海面，缓缓往甬江畔的明州港驶去。船上原本就从福州装载了陈家的红盐荔枝和漆器，现在是要到明州港去装上锦绢、蔗糖和处州瓷器，然后到市舶司缴验公凭后，便准备直接掉转船头经宝陀山直放日本长崎。这段东西相峙的航程，倘若风向对的话，四昼夜就可抵达。只是海上风云莫测，若驶上两、三倍时间方抵达的话，也不是不可能的。
周家两房四堂兄弟现全在船上针房里。长房大郎颖思安坐当中，二房的二郎颖秀和长房的三郎颖言对向垂手端坐。只有二房的四郎颖慧颇不安分，手中不住把玩那把凿有八幡大菩萨的倭刀，时不时还半抽出鞘来，欣赏那绚烂的雪花纹。
周颖思斜眼看了周颖慧一眼，方淡淡说道：「守朴，此刀不过『备用』而已。若你安分一点，我让守讷、守拙这次到倭国替你找把软倭刀。」周颖慧听得此言，登时眉开眼笑，赶忙跑到一旁斟满一杯甘蔗酒，双手捧给周颖思，笑着说：「大哥请用。素闻软倭刀为最精品，长七尺，出鞘地上卷之，诘屈如盘蛇，舒之则劲自若。这可是真的吗？」还不待周颖思回答，那厢周颖言便出声接话了。
周颖言虽然字守讷，不过却名实不符，天生一张管不住自己的利嘴，最是促狭。说道：「软倭刀当然好，只不过这趟出海，好像是我和二哥去吧？咦！我怎么有点口渴呢？二哥，你渴不渴？」周颖慧哪能听不出来呢？！也不答话，就又斟满两杯酒，笑容可掬地捧至颖秀、颖言面前。颖秀不发一语，一饮而尽。颖言却非要咂咂嘴说道：“一盏甘泉换一腰软倭刀，真是划算的生意啊！不愧是贾舶人家子弟！”
周颖思微微笑道：「既是贾舶人家，我们谈谈生意吧！」周颖思，毕竟是大哥。颖秀、颖言、颖慧听得此言，便各自敛容端坐，等待周颖思继续说下去。
「这趟出海，以守拙为主。守讷，你要听守拙的，切勿自作主张。尤其要记住言多必失。我就怕你一时口快，泄漏压舱那些货物，惹来麻烦。」周颖思细细叮嘱着。
原来当时市舶贸易当中最值钱的货物，除了香药宝货与锦缎瓷器外，还有一项大宋朝禁止外流却屡禁不止的东西，那就是铜钱。早在宋太祖时期就有明令，「铜钱阑出江南、塞外与南蕃诸国，差定其法。至二贯者，徒一年。五贯以上，弃市。募告者赏之。」等到庆历年间，法益严厉。「以铜钱出外界，一贯以上，为首者处死；其为从，若不及一贯，河东、河北、京西、陜西人决配广南远恶州军本城，广南、两浙、福建配陜西。」即便这市舶贸易大兴的熙宁朝，透漏铜钱仍是大罪。不过，虽然严刑峻法，却因获利丰厚达十倍，所以宋钱仍然透过各种途径流出中国。尤其舶商贩货海外，一船可载数万贯文而去，最是透漏严重。大凡贸易海外的舶商都或多或少走私点铜钱，周家亦不能免。此刻两条船的舱底都放置一瓮瓮的小平钱，权充压舱货物，准备走私到倭国，牟取暴利。
「守拙，此番前往倭国，博买倭刀、黄金、硫磺后，续航高丽，购回人参、皮货，并买铜锭，然后尽速转回明州，勿事逗留。」周颖思话语刚落，周颖言便急忙问道：“大哥，此次就只买回这些货吗？！倭刀管制甚严，硝磺产量有限，我们能买到多少？船舱必然还有余敷，难道就这样空着吗？出海一次不容易啊！况且硝磺只能卖给官家，能有多少利润？这样不划算的。还有铜锭，我们又不私自鼓铸铜钱，要那些笨重的铜锭何用呢？”
“我正是要与官家做生意！」周颖思突然严肃起来。凝神半晌，又继续说道：「军器监博买硫磺数量愈来愈多，诸钱监需铜孔急，硫磺、铜锭必然将涨，这是明摆着的事。我要用这两船的硫磺、铜锭当成敲门砖，打通官家榷易的关节！”
此言一出，四座俱默。素来与官府打交道是大海商的专利，一般中小海商只有被抽解的份，哪能和官府平起平坐，秤斤论两。以周家财力，讲句难听点的，根本是「难登大雅之堂」。无怪乎三人会惊讶，就连最轻狂的颖慧都流露出不以为然的神态，只是碍于兄长颜面，不敢当面反驳而已。
周颖思知道弟弟们心有疑虑，不就解释，却端起甘蔗酒啜了一口后，反问周颖秀说：「守拙你说，当今蕃货以何者为贵？」周颖秀恭谨答道：「香药最贵，大宋、辽、夏、高丽、倭国莫不爱之。」颖言、颖慧连忙点头。周颖思再问：「然香药可谓中国一日不可无者？」周颖秀听后若有所思，沉吟不答。周颖言见周颖秀不语，便带点反诘语气问道：「虽说如此，中国亦自产硝磺、铜矿。」周颖思点头答道：「守讷所言甚是。不过，何以朝旨舶商每岁自倭国市数万斤硫磺？又何以铸铁钱而不铸铜钱？」此言既出，周颖言无辞以对，周颖慧不知所谓，只有周颖秀一副豁然开朗的样子。
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